Term
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Definition
| Manic w/ at least one major depressive episode, equal M:W instances |
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Term
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Definition
| Depressive w/ at least one manic episode, W more than M. |
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Term
| POTAC, what does it stand for? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Parietal Occipital Temporal ASSOCIATION cortex--comparisons of experience w/ current perceptions |
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Term
| The Limbic System (Emotional Processing), what three structures? |
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Definition
- Amydala (Implicit memory/emotional connotation)
- Hippocampus (Explicit/Context), Spacial and Semantic Memory)
- Nucleus accumbens (filtering/integration)
- PreFrontal Cortex (Plan/Judge/Emotional/Experience)
- POTC (Sensory integration and perception) |
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Term
| What part of the brain is associated with NEGATIVE symptoms of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four Dopamine Projections? |
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Definition
1. Nigrostriatal
2. Mesolimbic
3. Mesocortical
4. Tuberoinfundibular |
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Term
| In Positive Symptoms, the _________ dopamine pathway is HYPERACTIVE |
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Definition
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Term
| In Negative Symptoms the _____ dopamine pathway is deficient. |
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Definition
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Term
| Interactions btw Dopamine systems and what three other NT systems are a better explanation than the DA theory? |
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Definition
| GABA, Serotonin, Glutamate. |
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Term
| What is the primary excitatory NT in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glutamate allows Ca influx, _____ inhibits Glutamate receptors at NMDA |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F? Depression dx if flexible and patients can move along the contiuum throughout the course of their illness. |
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Definition
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Term
| Depression is a distrubance of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four domains which can be altered resulting in depression? |
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Definition
1. Emotion/Mood state
2. Cognitive processes
3. Behavioral actions
4. Somatic regulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Sadness (an affective indicator) |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of interest in pleasure. |
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Term
| Disruption of circadian cycles, pituitary dysregulation, increase adrenal secretion and immunosupression are all examples of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Tearfulness, social isolation, fatigue, appetite changes, craving sweets, difficulties sleeping are all examples of: |
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Definition
| Behavioral indicators of depression |
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Term
| Thoughts of death/dying, slowed thinking, worry, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating are all examples of: |
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Definition
| Cognitive indicators of depression |
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Term
| Sadness, ahedonia, dysphoria, hope/helplessness, anxiety, worthlessness, irritability are all examples of: |
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Definition
| Affective indicators of depression |
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Term
| What pro-inflammatory immune mediators appear to contribute to depression? |
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Definition
1. INF-a
2. IL-6
3. TNF
4. Prostoglandins
5. Excitatory Amino Acids |
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Term
| _____ Gene Promotor regulates serotonin. People born with one short allele are more prone to depression after experiencing adversity. What ethnic group is more likely to have the short allele? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia: what does thought disorder mean? |
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Definition
| Can't put together logical sentences |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: What are delusions? |
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Definition
| Believing things that aren't true. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: what are Hallucinations? |
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Definition
| Sensing things that aren't there. |
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Term
| What are the NEGATIVE symptoms os Schizophrenia? |
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Definition
- Flat affect
- Poverty of speech
- Lack of initiative
- Social withdrawal |
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Term
| What are the four neuropathic changes in schizophrenia? |
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Definition
- Brain volume decreases (temporal cortex)
- Ventricle volume increases
- Neuron size decreases (Hippocampus, and cortical neurons)
- Abnormal cytoarchitecture (pre-frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and hippocampus)
- Decreased perfusion and metabolism (frontal and temporal regions) |
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Term
| What area of the brain is associated with Negative symptoms? |
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Definition
| Pre Frontal Cortex (brain volume/cellular decrease) |
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Term
| What are the terms that best describe the Limbic Cortex? |
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Definition
| Flexibility, security, adaptability. |
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Term
| Depression: Theory HPA/Hippocampus |
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Definition
| Cortisol levels increase during stress and may be toxic to hippocampal neurons. Hippocampus is supposed to regulate CRF secretion in hypothalamus. Amygdala induces CRF secretions from hypothalamus. VICIOUS CYCLE. |
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Term
| Depression Theory: Inflammation. |
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Definition
Changes in immune and inflammatory response found in the STRESS RESPONSE are also found in DEPRESSED INDIVIDUALS.
- INF-alpha lead to IL-6 increase=Depression
- Central and peripheral inflammation noted |
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