Scheme of Balance-

Parallelism

Scheme of Balance-

 Antithesis

Establishes a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together or juxtaposing them, often in parallel structure. Human beings are inveterate systematizers and categorizers, so the mind has a natural love for antitheses, which creates a definite and systematic relationship btween ideas.

Example: That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind-- Neil Armstrong

Scheme of Inversion-

 Hyperbaton

Includes several rhetorical devices involving departure from normal word order. One device, a form of inversion, might be called delayed epithet, since the adjective follows the noun.

Example: She had a personalty indescribable. OR

His was a countennce sad.

Scheme of Inversion-

Parenthesis

A final form of hyperbaton, consists of a word, phrase, or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another senctence.

Example: Every time i try to think of a good rhetorical example, i rack my brains but--you guessed--nothing happens.

Scheme of Inversion-

Apposition

A noun or noun substitute placed next to (in apposition to) another noun to be described or defined by the appositive. The appositive can be placed befor or after the noun.

Example: Henry Jameson, the boss of the operation, always wore a red baseball cap.

Scheme of Omission-

Ellipsis

The omission of a word or short phrase easily understood in context.

Example: "The average person thinks he isn't." Father Larry Lorenzoni

The term "average" is omitted but understood after "isn't".

Scheme of Omission-

Asyndeton

Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list of items, asyndeton gives the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather that a labored account.

Example: They spent the day wondering, searching, thinking, understanding.

Scheme of Repetition-

Alliteration

The recurrence of initial cononant sound. The repetition can be juxtaposed (and then it is usually limited to two words).

Example: Done well, alliteration is a satisfying sensation.

Scheme of Repetition-

Assonance

Similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words containing different consonants.

Example: A city that is set on a hill connot be hid-- Matthew 5:14 (JKV)

Scheme of Repetition-

Anaphora

The repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism.

Example: To think on death it is a misery,/ To think on life it is a vanity;/ To think on the world verily it is,/ To think that here man hath no perfect bliss.--Peachan

Scheme of Repetition-

Epistrophe

aka. antistrophe

Forms the counterpart to anaphora, because the repetition of the same word or words comes at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Example: Where affections bear rule, there reason is subdued, honesty is subdues, good will is subdued, and all things else that withstand evil, for ever are subdued.-- Wilson

Scheme of Repetition-

Epanalepsis

Repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end. The beginning and the end are the two positions of strongest emphasis in a sentence, so by having the same word in both places, you call special attention to it.

Example: To report that your committee is still investigating the matter is to tell me that you have nothing to report.

Scheme of Repetition-

Anadiplosis

Repeats the last word of one phrase, clause, or sentence at or very near the beginning of the text. It can be generated in series for the sake of beauty or to give a sense of logical progression.

Example: Pleaseure might cause her read, reading might make her know,/ Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain. . . .-- Philip Sidney

Schemes of Repetition-

Climax

Consist of arranging words, clauses, or sentences in the order of increasing importance, weight, or emphasis. Parallelism usually forms a part of the arrangement, because it offers a sense of continuity, order, and movement-up the ladder of importance. But if you wish to bary the amount of discussion on each point, parallelism is not essential.

Example: The concerto was applauded at th ehouse of Baron von Schnooty, it was praised highlyh at court, it was boted best concerto of the year by the Academy, it was considered by Mozart the highlight of his career, and it has become known today as the best concerto in the world.

Scheme of Repetition-

Antimetabole

A figure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause; an inverted order of repeated words in adjacent phrases or clauses.

Example: "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." --Carl Sagan

Scheme of Repetition-

Polyptoton

The repetition of words derived from the same root but with different endings.

Example: The only thing you have to fear is fear itself

--F.D. Roosevelt

Tropes-

Metaphor

A comparison made by refering to one thing as another.

Example: Life is a beach

Tropes-

Simile

An explicit comparison, often (but not necessarily) employing "like" "as".

Example: Her hair was like gravy, running down off her head and clumping up on her shoulders.

Tropes-

Synecdoche

A whole is represented by naming one of its parts (genus named for species), or vise versa (species named for genus).

Example: "He shall think differently," the musketeer threatened, "when he feels the point of my steel".

A sword, the species, is represented by referring to its genus, "steel"

Tropes-

 Metonymy

Reference to something or someone by naming one of its attributes.

Example:  The pen is mightier that the sword.

The pen is an attribute of thoughts that are written with a pen; the sward is an attribute of military action

Tropes-

Puns

A play on words that sounds the same but have different meanings.

   Example: Our social studies teacher says that her globe means the world to her.

Tropes-

Anthimeria

Substitution of one part of speech for another (such as a noun used as a verb).

Example: 1). Did you see the way those blockers defenced on that last play? Noun used as verb.

2). Feel bad? Strike up some music and have a good sing. Verb used as noun.

Tropes-

Periphrasis

The substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name (a species of circumlocution); or, conversely, the use of a proper name as a shorthand to stand for qualities associated with it.

Example: He was no Romeo; but then again, she was no Juliet.

Tropes-

Personification

Reference to abstractions or inaminmate objects as though they had human qualities or abilities.

Example: "Beware, my lord of jealousy! It is the green-ey'd monster which dother mock The meat it feeds on." --lago in Shakespeare's Othello 3.3.165-67

Tropes-

Hyperbole

Rhetorical exaggeration. Hyperbole is often accomplished via camparisons, similies, and metaphors.

Example: I've told you a million times not to exaggerate.

Tropes-

Litotes

Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought by denying its opposite.

Example: Running a marathon in under two hours is no small accomplishment.

Tropes-

Rhetorical Question

Usualy defined as any question asked for a purpose other than to obtain the information the question asks.

Example: When someone resonds to a tragic event by saying "Why me, God?!" it is more likley to be an accusatio or an expression of feeling than a realistic request for information.

Tropes-

Irony

 Speaking in such aws to imply the contray of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery, or jest.

Verbal Irony- the speaker says something different from what he or she really believes. (Sarcasm)

Tropes-

Onomatopoeia

Using or invention a word whose sound imitates that which it names (the union of phonetics and semantics).

Example: The buzzing of innumerable bees

The "zz" and "mm" sounds in these words imitate the actual sounds of bees

Tropes-

Oxymoron

Placing two ordinarily opposing term adjacent to one another. A compressed paraox.

Example: The Sounds of Silence