Term
| Skeleton: approximate total number of bones |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of skeletal cartilage |
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Definition
- Hyaline cartilages (provide support, flexibility, and resilience - most abundant type)
- Elastic cartilages (similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers)
- Fibrocartilages (collagen fibers - have great tensile strength)
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Term
| Locations of types of cartilages |
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Definition
- Hyaline - articular cartilages, costal cartilages, respiratory cartilages, nasal cartilages
- Elastic - external ear and epiglottis
- Fibrocartilages - menisci of knee, discs between vertebrae, pubic symphysis
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Term
| Classification of bones of the skeleton - 2 main groups |
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Definition
- Axial - forms the long axis of the body; skull, vertebral column, rib cage
- Appendicular - bones of upper and lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder and hip bones) that attach the limbs to axial skeleton
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Term
| Classification of Bones by Shape |
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Definition
- Long bones - longer than they are wide (humerus, femur, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, etc.)
- Short bones - cube-shaped bones (wrist & ankles), sesamoid bones (within tendons, eg. patella)
- Flat bones - thin, flat, slightly curved (sternum)
- Irregular bones - complicated shapes (vertebra)
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Term
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Definition
- Compact bone (dense outer layer)
- Spongy - trabecular - bone (honeycomb of trabeculae)
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Term
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Definition
| long, rounded projection (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| small rounded projection or process (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| raised area on or above a condyle (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| any bony prominence (projections that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| bony expansion carried on a narrow neck (projections that help to form joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth, nearly flat articular surface (projections that help to form joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded articular projection (projections that help to form joints) |
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Term
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Definition
| furrow (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves) |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, slit-like opening (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves) |
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Term
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Definition
| round or oval opening through a bone (depressions and openings for passage of blood vesels or nerves) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
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Term
| Identify the 3 bone groups forming the axial skeleton |
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Definition
- skull (cranium and facial bones)
- vertebral column
- bony thorax
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Term
| vertebral column: how many vertebrae? |
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Definition
- 24 total
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 2 fused bones: sacum and coccyx
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| first 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum via their own cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| attach indirectly to sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| last 2 pairs, have no attachment to sternum |
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Term
| hand bones - how many carpals? |
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Definition
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Term
| hand bones - how many metacarpals? |
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Definition
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Term
| foot: how many tarsal bones? |
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Definition
7 tarsal bones
includes calcaneus (heel bone)
talus (bone that lies between tibia and calcaneus) |
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Term
| foot: how many metatarsal bones? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Functional Classification of Joints |
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Definition
Based on amount of movement allowed by the joint
- synarthrose = immovable joints
- amphiarthose = slightly movable joints
- diathrose = freely moveable joints
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Term
| 3 Structural Classifications of Joints |
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Definition
Based on material binding bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present
- Fibrous
- Cartilagenous
- Synovial
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Term
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Definition
- Bones joints by fibrous tissue
- Lack joint cavity
- Most immovable
- 3 types: Sutures, Syndemoses, Gomphoses
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Term
| Cartilagenous Joints - 2 types |
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Definition
- Bone joints by cartilage
- Lack joint cavity
- Not highly movable
- Synchondroses
- Symphyses
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Term
| Synovial Joints - 6 Distinguishing Features |
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Definition
- Articular cartilage
- Joint cavity
- Synovial fluid
- Articular joint capsule
- Reinforcing ligaments
- Rich nerve and blood vessel supply
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Term
Types of synovial joints
(the 3 listed on the lab handout) |
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Definition
- hinge
- pivot
- ball and socket
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Term
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Definition
- origin (the stationary attachment)
- insertion (the movable attachment)
- during muscle contraction the insertion moves towards the origin
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Term
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Definition
| C shaped bone that does not articulate with any other bone |
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