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| perfect "H" words; have, has, had + verb |
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| "D" words; do, does, did + verb |
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| -ing; helping verb + -ing verb |
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| ambiguous/faulty pronoun reference |
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| wrong; pronouns cannot refer to possessive nouns, adjectives, or implied ideas; "you" and "they" cannot refer to people in general |
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| subject does the action; always best to use if possible |
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| subject is acted upon; a "by" phrase is a huge clue |
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| appropriate passive voice |
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| correct when subject is unknown or when describing a process |
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| noun or pronoun that receives the action of the action verb |
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| noun or pronoun following an action verb, that answers "to whom" or "for whom" |
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| noun or adjective that tells more about the direct object |
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| human characteristics are given to something non-human |
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| two contradictory words; doesn't make sense |
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| longer than oxymoron; doesn't make sense; contradictory statement or situation |
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| an expression that means something different from the individual words |
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| use of an object to represent something else |
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| (capital letter); refers to a person, literature, historical event, or another familiar thing |
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| images; words that appeal to the reader's sense of seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, feeling |
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| subjects joined by OR or NOR |
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Definition
| take either plural or singular verb determined by the subject closest to the verb |
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| indefinite singular or plural pronouns |
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Definition
| can be singular or plural (some, any, all, most, none) |
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Term
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Definition
| If indefinite singular or plural pronoun can be ________, the pronoun is singular. |
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| If indefinite singular or plural pronoun can be ________, the pronoun is plural. |
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Definition
| army, audience, band, bunch, class, club, collection, committee, crowd, faculty, family, fleet, flock, group, herd, jury, mob, public, swarm, team |
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| collective noun as a whole |
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Definition
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| collective noun as individual |
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Definition
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| it is singular when it refers to a singular noun or noun that cannot be counted; plural when refers to a plural noun |
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Definition
| Capitalize _________ of the country. |
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| comma; two adjectives; you can flip them and they still make sense; you can put "and" between them and they still make sense |
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Definition
| use with a series within a series and appositives within a series |
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Definition
| use with a quote within a quote or a title within a quote |
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Term
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Definition
| W.N.B.E.N. - Whether...or, Not only...but also, Either...or, Neither...nor |
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| words used to introduce adjective clauses |
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Definition
| who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where |
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| dependent/subordinate clause |
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Definition
| has a subject and verb, but not a complete thought; cannot stand alone |
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Definition
| has subject and verb; can stand alone as a complete thought |
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Term
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Definition
| contains an independent clause (can stand alone); contains one or more dependent/subordinate clauses |
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Term
| words used to introduce adverb clauses |
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Definition
| after, although, as, as if, as though, as soon as, before, because, even though, if, in order that, since, than, though, until, unless, when, while, where, wherever, when, whenever |
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Term
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Definition
| compound sentence; sentences are parallel (same) after two correlative conjunctions |
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Definition
| when you combine two sentences, the emphasized sentence is the independent clause |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal that acts as an adjective |
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Definition
| an adjective phrase made up of a participle and a prepositional phrase and/or an adverb |
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Definition
| to+verb; can be used as a modifier or a noun |
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Definition
| verbal that ends in -ing; functions as a noun; can replace with "it" and it will make sense |
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Term
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Definition
| in a sentence, must be placed as close as possible to the word that is being modified; modifiers are adjectives and adverbs; written in form of words, phrases, verbals, or clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| are not clear because they are not close to the word being modified; dangling participles are one type of this |
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Definition
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| needed (important) - no commas; tells which one |
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| sentence structure variety |
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Definition
| contains different types of phrases and different types of sentences (compound, complex, compound-complex sentences); not just sub/verb, sub/verb - boring! |
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Term
| predicate noun/nominative |
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Definition
| follows a being verb; renames subject; noun or pronoun |
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Term
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Definition
| two independent clauses joined by a semi-colon or a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) |
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| type of writing (narrative, persuasive, informative) |
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| tells a story; setting; sequence of events; vivid langauge (creates picture in your mind); creative verbs |
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Definition
| gives informationl; how to |
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Definition
| tries to persuade, convince; think differently; take action |
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Definition
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| stays in same point of view (first, second, third) throughout the entire piece of writing |
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| more personal; pronouns "I, me, we, us, our," etc. |
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Definition
| more informal; more persuasive; pronouns "you, your, yourself, understood you," etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| less personal; more objective; talking about others; pronouns "he, she, it, they, his, her," etc. |
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Term
| informative essay thesis statement |
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Definition
| list three main topics (sometimes two); must be in same order as outline for body; last sentence of intro paragraph |
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Term
| persuasive essay thesis statement |
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Definition
| states a clear opinion on the topic and three reasons that support the opinion; three reasons will be argued in the three body paragraphs; sometimes only two examples |
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Term
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Definition
| must be in same order as thesis statement; each one covers one idea listed in thesis |
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Definition
| no major new facts; may be similar to intro; never repeats intro; wraps up essay |
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Definition
| using long phrases to talk around a subject; unnecessary; wordy |
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Definition
| derives; historical origin of word; where the word comes from |
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Term
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Definition
| continues theme; look for catchy phrase, idiom; a play on words, rhyme, or repetition of sounds; call to action; avoids weak words; |
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Term
| newspaper & magazine headlines |
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Definition
| grabs attention; longer with important information is better |
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Term
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Definition
| few words; short and catchy; includes all necessary info |
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| tells what product does; persuasive; contains descriptive details that persuade |
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Definition
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| statement based on how someone thinks or feels |
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Definition
| draw a conclusion based on reasoning of evidence |
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Definition
a few details; T.O.M.B.S.
True, Order, Main points, Balanced, Stick to facts (not personal interpretation of piece of writing; not how someone feels about the writing) |
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Term
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Definition
no details; precise; concise; T.O.M.B.S.
True, Order, Main points, Balanced, Stick to facts (not personal interpretation of writing; not what someone feels about piece of writing) |
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Term
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Definition
| explanation; main idea; stick to facts; never includes idiom |
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