Where do lungfish live?

Gondawanaland

Australia, South America, and Africa

To aestivate is to...

Who does this?

enter hibernation to retreat from hot conditions

Lungfish and Spdefoot Toads do this

Coleocanths show _______

stasis

they've barely changed in 400MY

Where do Coleocanths live?

Deep Seas

of indian ocean and Sulawesi

Sarcopterygians means  ______ ______

Fleshy Finned

Sarcopterygians include...

Tetrapods, Lungfish, and Coleocanths

Where did our arm & leg bones come from?

Fleshy fins

both have the femur, tibula, & fibula

What gave rise to tetrapods?

Lungfish

even though Coleocanths have developed fin bones

What did Acanthostega show?

feet evolved before amphibians set foot on land!

[image]

What are their names?

Hint: not fluffy or fido.

Acanthostega w/ 5 didits

&

Ichthyostega has 7

Whos Hox genes stay on longer,

tetrapods or fish?

Tetrapods, duh.

Their The limb bones keep growing and branching, with the end hooking upward to form wrist bones; then fingers

Limb Bones:

what are they & where can i find them

Where do limbs arise from?

The shoulder and pelvic girdles.

Difference between Anura & Caudata offspring.

Anura: tadpoles are herbivorous, toxic & gregarious

Caudata: salamanders are carnivorous, solitary,

and cryptic.

"Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny"

What does this mean, is it true?

The development of an organism retraces their evolutionary history.

Proved false by Axolotl, a salamander with gills but

it's anscestors don't got no gills.

oh snap.

Heterochrony causes similarities between...

phylogeny and ontogeny

Name the 5 adaptations for land

1. eyelids

2. tear ducts

3.salivary glands

4.olfactory epithelium

5.tympanic membrane (ear drum)

What did amphibians inherit from lungfish?

Its for breathing.

2 structures:

1. vascularized oral cavity

2.lungs

Amphibians also breathe through vascularized skin.

What kind of heart & cir. system do they have?

3 chambered heart

Double circ. system

where blood is pumped to lungs then back to the heart.

Would the world largest frog (Goliath), win a jumping competition?

No, the optimum jumping size is smaller than 30''.

What do frogs from Borneo do?

Use webbing in between toes to glide.

[image]

How does this relate to tounges?

The longer the smaller the diameter.

What is a plethodontid tounge?

Who has it?

A sticky muscular tounge.

It has circular muscles that contract against a cone shaped cartilage.

Frogs and Plethodontid Salamanders have it.

Where do Spadefoot Toads live?

 &

What's their deal with Off-Road Vehicles?!

live in the desert and aestivate til rain comes out

ORVs sound like rain, so when the Spadefoot emerges they burn in the sun.

Bullfrogs are evil because...

When dumped in local ponds they eat all of the native species.

Synergestic Factors are>>>>

Hint: 1+1=11

Two mortality factors a frog can be exposed to.

 (for Red Legged frogs it's UV radiation and fungal infections) This increase their mortality rate not to 50% but 100%

1+1=11

What is this guy using?

[image]

Hexagonal skin cells.

They have grooves that spread mucus over the toe pad.

Some tires have them too.

Frog mounting is called ______

Amplexus

males grasp slippery females w/ rough nautipal pads on hands & feet.

Reproductive diversity in frogs (4)

They lay eggs that metamorphisis

a)in a pouch

b) in skin that covers the eggs so they pop out like pimples

c)when they carry tadpoles on back

d) or as they mouth-brood eggs

Explain stabilizing selection in Tungara frogs.

Sexual selection causes chuck calls but predation prevents agains it. So males are stuck in the middle.

Coqui call what does it mean?

Co means "this is my space"

Qui means "come hither" for the ladies

Ladies have a special receptor for qui....

Resource partitioning

character displacement reduces competition by dividing up a resource.

Character Displacement

Males occupy different frequencys of calls, to attract the correct mates.

Tendencies of Primitive Caudata?

these salamanders

1.tend to be large

2.tend to be quite aquatic

3.tend to have limb reduction or loss

4.tendence twoard paedomorphosis (juvenile form)

Plethodontid salamanders respire by...

cutaneous (skin) and oral respiration

What is interesting about salamander courtship?

Males will rake teeth across back of females salivating an aphrodisiac.

then the male deposits sperm on the ground and the female squats on it, fertilizing her eggs internally.

Where are Caudata eggs laid?

Who defends them?

Salamander lay eggs on land, female protects them.

Terminal addition

Heterochrony that speeds up development. 

Paedomorphosis

who shows this?

Heterochrony that slows down development

shown in axolotl

What changes skeletal features in salamanders?

Changes in TH (thyroid hormone) during development.

Clade Apopoda

who are they, and where do they live?

Caecilians

If you call them Italian they will yell at you  because they live in wet tropical areas.

Who's head is this?

Explain their well developed teeth and eyes.

[image]

Apoda-Caecilian

They are predators 

They burrow and therefore eyes are vestigial and use chemoreception to find prey

How are Caecilians as mothers?

great!

They care for their young, and even let fetuses scrape fat secretions off mothers oviduct wall.