• Multiple Accident Concept
• Variable Group Concept
• Universal-Suceptability Concept

• accident repeaters are accident pron
• 20% of people have 80% of accidents
• two groups: accident free, accident repeaters
• If you repeat the thing with the same original group, a different group will be the accident repeaters

• Depending on the emotional stability and the environmental conditions, people will fluctuate in and out of accident proneness
• accident proneness is a variable characteristin in people

• EVERYBODY is susceptable to a degree to accident producing behaviors
• The resistance or tolerance of an individual to accident proneness makes them more or less susceptable to accidents

• Greater distractability
• asocial, non confronting, aggressive, intolerant of authority
• act impulsively
• exaggerated notion of ability, need to stand out, unusual risk taking
• Emotional instability and trouble dealing with frustration and tension
• Subconscious quest for attention through self-inflicted injury

• Balanced, mature, well controlled person with realistic outlook. satisfactory interpersonal relations, good attitude, good conscience, responsible
• Moderate in their emotions and resist to impulse
• Contented; happy, friendly, adaptable
• Has limitations and weaknesses that they're aware of and moderate behavior accordingly

• Mental disorder, psychotic
• Unintelligent, Unobserving, Unadaptable
• Disorganized, Disoriented, Disturbed
• Distored perceptions of life
• Distored sense of values
• No self control
• Selfish, sell-centered
• Highly Competative
• Irritable
• Holds Grudges
• Undue physical aging
• Blame-Avoidant
• Very Indecisive

• Type A
• Codependent
• Hopeless-Helpless

• Previously thought of as impatient, based on actions of latent anger seen through explosive competetiveness and impetious behavior

• The Survivor
• Calculated Risk-Taker
• Hardy Personality

• Stress
• Sadness
• Illness
• Drug Influenced
• Nutrition Related
• Emotional Situations
• Tiredness

1. Lack of Skill
2. Lack of Knowledge
3. Bad Luck
4. Restlessness
5. Carelessness

• Exposure to social and environmental strese
• Experience and training
• Exposure to hazards
• Ability to recognize and manage judgements concerning hazards
• Physical attributes

• Maryland is the Safest
• West Virginia is the worst
• Texas' average is better than US
• South East Central is most dangerous
• Mid-Atlantic is the safest

Males account for 65% of accidents.

• 3X as likely to die from: cars, poisoning (s,l,g), and drowning
• 6X as likely to die from fire arms
• Women only have a higher % in the >75 group

• Accidents #1 for 1-41
• 5th Overall Behind (HD, cancer, stroke, COPD)
• Every 5 minutes someone dies of an accident
• For kids 5-14 accidents are 3X as likely to kill them as the next leading cause

• Winter=Fires, Flames, Smoke
• Summer= Drowning
• Poisoning= Dec, Jan, March
• All= Mostly Summer/Spring

• Have the highest frequency until the 80s
• Have the highest rate all the way through life
• Highest rate for cars, then poisoning, then falls

• Highest for the old people (falls)
• Peaks a little above my age (motor vehicle)
• Poisoning peaks highest for middle agers

• For my age: cars, poisoning, drowning
• For middle age: poisoning
• For old people: falls, cars, choking

Age-Specific Injury Death Rates....

• Peak first among teens, then 65+
• Lowest for 6-11 (6/100000)
• Highest for 85+ (300/100000)

• A fatal accident happens every 5 minutes
• A disabling injury occurs every 1.6 seconds

• Highest Rate: for 75+
• Highest Frequency: 45-64
• For 15-24: motor vehicle is #1

1. Poisoning
2. Motor Vehicle
3. Falls
4. Choking
5. Drowning
6. Fire, Flames, Smoke

1. Home= 54%
2. Public= 24%
3. Work= 13%
4. Cars= 8%

Yearly approx: 39 million

1. Home= 51%
2. Cars= 27%
3. Public= 20%
4. Work= 3%

Yearly approx: 128,200

• Home
• Motor Vehicle (also a subcat.)
• Public
• Work

1. Motor Vehicles
2. Home
3. Work
4. Public

• nonprofit, nongovernmental, internation, public
• founded in 1913, chartered by congress in 1953
• 51,000 organizations; reaching 8 million employees
• Focus on research and statistics
• Accident Facts --> Injury Facts
• Publishes annually

MIKE had the accident, Steve was involved in the accident.

Undesirable effects are CONSEQUENCES of an unplanned event such as an accident, but they don't constitute one.

• Degree of Avoidability
• Degree of Intention
• Degree of Expectation

• Knowledge--> Awareness
• Attitude --> Behavior Change
• Skill Development -> Practice

• Education
• Environment
• Engineering
• Enforcement

• Risk is fully known
• Risk is not known
• Risk is uncertain
• Risk could be known but effort is not put in to know it

Efficiency, Well-Being, Success

(know how to face danger, AND how to avoid it)

but it is NOT the prime object in life, at its best it is taking risks for things worth while.

Optimum health require safety for the GOOD adventures in life.

• Crisis Reaction
• Reaction to Transient Conditions

• Physical Conditions
• Character Conditions
• Intra-Psychic Conditions

Environmental Conditions:

Injury needs:

a host- we can't control

vehicle

agent

Perceived Susceptibility->Considerations->Percieved Barriers-> NON ACTION

Perceived Severity->Considerations->Perceived Benefits-> ACTION

Cues to Action happen in Consideration

they're frequent

they're varied

they're recent

they're emotional

and representative of an existing belief.

life cycle made of 3 cycles:

Physical

Emotional

Intellectual

• Last 23 Days (strength, coordination, well-being)
• + days 2-11: physical work is easier
• - days 13-23: less reserve power
• Zero/Critical days 1 & 12: rhythm keeps switching, most prone to accidents

• Lasts 28 Days: creativity, sensitivity, mood, perception, awareness
• + days 2-14: cheerful, optimistic, cooperative
• - days 16-28: stess days, negative outlook, moody
• Zero/Critical days 1 & 15: prone to disagreeable
• ***** Critical days are ALWAYS on the same day

• Lasts 33 days: alertness, logical analysis, memory/recall, communication, analytical functioning
• + days 2-16: learning and retention best
• - days 18-33: resistance to learn, judgement not best
• Zero/Critical days 1 &17: error prone!

• Critical days are 20% of life
• 60% of accidents occur on these days