Term
| This gram (-) spiral rod has cork screw motility, can't lyse blood, is catalase (+) and oxidase (+) and urease (+) and is going to be on Mini 2. What is it? |
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Definition
H. pylori.
You'll want differentiate this bug from poteus since it is also urease (+) |
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Term
| This microbe is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma and Non-hodgkin stomach lymphoma. |
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Definition
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Term
| You have an unknown bug which you are trying to grow in the lab in a brain infusion. You put one plate for growth at 35 C and the other at 42 C. After a few days you notice only growth in the 35 C plate. What bug do you suspect? |
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Definition
H. pylori, remember that it is a microaerophile
Campylobacter grows at the hotter temp. |
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Term
| What are the two major factors which help H. pylori drill into the gastric mucosa? |
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Definition
Corkscrew motillity with its lopotrichous flagella
Mucinase and Phospholipases for mucosal degredation |
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Term
The fate of the world is in your hands...some crazy evil dude who lives on a moon base is going to destroy Earth with a superblaster laser beam. Nevertheless, he is a sporting man and said if you can answer one question he will not destory Earth (just Dominica on April 28th 2010).
"What are two factors that differentiate H.pylori from other helicobacter species?"
You are simply dumbfounded at the fact that you actually paid attention in Drumelsmith's class that day and answered... |
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Definition
H. pylori is resistant to Nalidixic acid and can reduce nitrates.
Good job buddy, you saved the world! Well, the part that matters. |
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Term
| What do Sialic acid, Lewis X, B and A antigents help H. pylori do? |
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Definition
| They are adhesins that bind gastric epithelial cells |
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Term
| What does H. pylori use to gain access to nutrients? |
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Definition
VacA is a vacuolating cytotoxin
CagA injected by a type IV secretion system and degreades the cellular cytoskeleton.
Urease creates a neutral subenvironment for the bug
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Term
| What are some protective mechanisms H. pylori has against our immune system? |
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Definition
Super oxide dismutase
Catalase
Arginase
O-antigen mimicry
A less immunogenic Lipid A (flagella) |
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Term
| A Rapid Urease Test (CLOtest) contains what two inidcators? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are you looking for in serological diagnosis of H. pylori? |
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Definition
IgG or IgA elisa. Remember this only shows exposure but not the current state of the disease.
You can also detect these antigens in the stool which might be helpful to see if the infection is gone after treatment. |
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Term
| Describe how the urea breath test works to diagnose H. pylori. |
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Definition
| Patient eats a meal laced with C14 so if there is increased CO2 from urease it can be analayzed and interpreted. |
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Term
| As we all know, Candida is a dimorphic budding yeast. What is the budding form called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the agar and preferred temp at which candida grows? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is arguably the most important virulance factor of candida? |
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Definition
| Candida can undergo phase variation which is when different surface proteins can be expressed by different morphological stages. |
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Term
| Your patient presents with creamy, white "pseudomembrane" plaques which exposes raw tissue when scraped off. Whats the diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would you observe candida? |
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Definition
| KOH prep. It degrades human cells so you can visuallize the fungi. |
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Term
| Your patient has odynophagia and dysphagia. He is also experiencing chest pain and you notice cervical lymphadenopathy. What is your most likely primary differential? |
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Definition
| Esophagitis caused by candidiasis |
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Term
| This virus may cause peptic ulcers and is usually contained to a small area unless the patient is IC. |
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Definition
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Term
| This virus causes upper GI lesions usually in IC patients especially in patient's with advanced AIDS |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the microbe found in plaque biofilm which is responsible for the erosion of enamel via acid production? |
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Definition
| Strep mutans. It performs sucrose fermentation to make acid. |
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Term
| Name the two microbes responsible for gingivitis. |
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Definition
| Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis |
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Term
| What are some additional bugs which can cause chronic periodontitis? |
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Definition
| Aggregatibacter, Treponema denticola, Tannerella. Recall that chronic periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss |
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Term
| This necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is associated with HIV. |
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Definition
| Trench mouth aka Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. |
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