Term
| children with what disease are likely to develop NASAL POLYPS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma |
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Definition
-found in teenage boys
-well circumscribed, highly vascular tumor grows into nasophaynx
-no biopsy, just excise
-benign, but can grow into the bone |
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Term
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Definition
-papillomas with GOBLET CELLS, FIBROUS CENTER, and NEUTROPHILS in the epithelium
-squamous/respiratory epithelium
-EXOPHYTIC-->outward growth-->no cancer risk
-INVERTED--> inward growth--> risk of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
-numerous plasma cells
-80% of PLASMACYTOMAS are in head and neck
-sheets of plasma cells covered by submucosa
-mostly in males |
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Term
| Olfactory Neuroblastoma (ONB) |
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Definition
-malignant cribriform plate tumors
-HOMER WRIGHT ROSETTES -->angel hair in lumen
-salt and pepper nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
-MALIGNANT tumors typed based on KERATINIZATION
-type I-->no keratin--> no EBV involvement
-type III--> keratin--> EBV involvement
-lymphocytes in tumor have been recruited, they are NOT MALIGNANT
-usually found as metastasized cervical tumors, not primary tumor |
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Term
| what causes CHRONIC LARYNGITIS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small reactive polypoid lesions on the true vocal cords--> NEVER GIVE RISE TO CANCER |
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Term
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Definition
-neoplasms that may be related to HPV
-can see KOILOCYTOSIS--> effect of HPV is perception of "hollow" cytoplasm in epithelial cells |
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Term
| what are the biggest causes of CARCINOMAS found in the OROPHARYNX? |
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Definition
smoking
drinking
HPV (>50%) |
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Term
| most common location of a VOCAL CORD carcinoma? |
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Definition
| glottis-->due to smoking, alcohol and HPV |
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Term
| in vocal cord carcinomas, what is the sign that the tumor has broken the basement membrane? |
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Definition
| keratin pearls in the submucosa--> also look for intracellular bridges (desmosomes) which tells you it is squamous cell carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
-fungus--> swimmers ear
-acute MEDIA due to viral of bacterial infection
-chronic MEDIA due to staph, pseudamonas originiosa, fungus |
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Term
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Definition
-NOT a neoplasm
-congenital form-->INTACT tympanic membrane
-acquired form-->PERFORATED tympanic membrane
3 HISTOLOGICAL ELEMENTS: keratin, stratified squamous epithelium, fibrous/granulation tissue
not a tumor, but can invade bone-> must be removed |
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Term
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Definition
| CYSTIC DILATION that occurs above the thyroid isthmus but below the level of the hyoid bone--> surgically removed along with the center of the HYOID BONE |
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Term
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Definition
caused by HSV1--> "cold sores" flare up during stressful times or during immuno-compromised periods
HERPES cells are multinucleated with GROUND GLASS appearance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| SCARLET FEVER and TONSILLITIS are both caused by what? what can these types of infections lead to? |
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Definition
| beta hemolytic STREPTOCOCCI --> can lead to RHEUMATIC FEVER and GLOMERULONEPHRITIS |
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Term
| Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) |
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Definition
"CURDY" white membrane which can be scraped off
-candida is part of normal flora--> only causes disease in diabetics and immunocompromised
-pseudohyphae and spores seen |
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Term
| **ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA** |
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Definition
white patches of "hair" on the lateral tongue that DO NOT rub off
-caused by EBV, but only found in AIDS patients
-cause ACANTHOSIS = thickening of the mucosa |
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Term
| what are examples of PRE-CANCEROUS LESIONS in the oral mucosa? what must be done with these? |
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Definition
Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
*must be biopsied* to tell if cancerous or not
levels of DYSPLASIA until complete SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA IN SITU is reached |
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Term
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Definition
-most often seen on floor of the mouth
-Leukoplakia--> ulcerations with elevated rolled borders
-invade locally and metastasize to lymph nodes
-poor prognosis
-more and more often involves HPV |
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Term
| two tumors primarily found in PAROTID GLAND |
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Definition
Pleomorphic Adenoma and Warthin Tumors
***both are benign--> small gland tumors are malignant |
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Term
| what are the most common tumors of the MINOR GLANDS? describe |
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Definition
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA-->malignant
CLINICAL--> patient comes with a rapid growing tumor, intense pain
HISTOLOGICALLY--> painful perineural invasion, cribriform growth, "swiss cheese" appearance |
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Term
| what are the most common tumors of the MINOR GLANDS? describe |
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Definition
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA-->malignant
CLINICAL--> patient comes with a rapid growing tumor, intense pain
HISTOLOGICALLY--> painful perineural invasion, cribriform growth, "swiss cheese" appearance |
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Term
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Definition
DOUBLE LAYER OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
-oncocytes (excessive mitochondria)
-FISH FLESH gross appearance |
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Term
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Definition
**MOST COMMON MALIGNANT SALIVARY GLAND TUMOR**-->same for pediatrics
-combo of MUCOUS secreting (mucocytes) and EPIDERMOID cells
-abundant EOSINOPHILS
-radiation induce commonly |
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