Term
| causes of neutrophilic leukocytosis? |
|
Definition
| acute infections and MI --> cells drawn from STORAGE pool |
|
|
Term
| where are TOXIC GRANULES seen? |
|
Definition
| sepsis and sever inflammation |
|
|
Term
| what is a LEUKEMOID rxn caused by? how do you differentiate it from CML? |
|
Definition
| acute appendicitis or sepsis, CML if 1) leukocyte alkaline phosphate (LAP) score is low, Philadelphia chromosome is present |
|
|
Term
| monocytosis points to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INFECTIOUS MONO sees what in the PBS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes FOLLICULAR HYPERPLASIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you see SINUS HYPERPLASIA (sinus in lymph node medulla) think what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical signs of LEUKEMIA- |
|
Definition
-high blast cell % in BM (>20%)
-ANEMIA due to proliferation of blast cells in BM
-SPLEENOMEGALY and HEPATOLMEGALY (due to infiltrating malignant cells) |
|
|
Term
| how do you differentiate splenomegaly in hemolytic anemias vs. leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute promyelocytic leukemia-->
-auer rods and cytoplasmic granules
-DIC common*** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute monocytic leukemia-->
-monoblasts and promonocytes proliferate
-GUM INFILTRATION |
|
|
Term
| what is the marker used to detect B Cell LEUKEMIA in flow cytometry? |
|
Definition
| CD10 -->CALLA (think ALL) |
|
|
Term
| what is seen in the PBS of CLL? |
|
Definition
-lyphocytosis
-smudge cells (fragile lymphocytes)
-spherocytosis (10% of patients develop autoimmune hemolytic anemia) |
|
|
Term
| what causes PANCYTOPENIA? |
|
Definition
-aplastic anemia
-hairy cell leukemia
-megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
| HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA features- |
|
Definition
-hairy cells (lymphocytes with cytoplasmic extensions)
-pancytopenia
-massive spleenomegaly
-TRAP (special stain to ID hairy cells) |
|
|
Term
| Burkitt's Lymphoma describe- |
|
Definition
| non hodgkin's lymphoma, B cells, starry sky lymph biopsy (neoplastic lymphocytes=stars, macrophages=blue sky) |
|
|
Term
| MULTIPLE MYELOMA describe- |
|
Definition
| plasma cell proliferation, BM expansion-->bone lesions, fractures, monoclonal spike, elevated serum calcium, kidney damage due to IgG excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if monoclonal spike but no pathology (no bone fractures), then what? |
|
Definition
| monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance--> MGUS |
|
|
Term
| ***Infectious Mono- describe findings*** |
|
Definition
-younger patient (teenager-30ish)
-classic "triad" ->sore throat, fever, painful LN
-malaise
-lymphocytosis (parafollicular hyperplasia)
-caused by EBV of CMV
-atypical lymphocytes in PBS
-MONO SPOT test for EBV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-aplastic anemia
-DNA problems (macrocytic anemia)
-increased peripheral utilization (bacterial infection)
-increased destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HIV, Di George Syndrome, SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasitic infection, type I HS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral infections, mono, whooping cough, autoimmune SLE |
|
|
Term
| necrotizing lymphadenitis |
|
Definition
| cat scratch disease--> bartonella |
|
|
Term
| signs that patient has AML? |
|
Definition
-auer rods
-+ for MPO, SBB
-CD13+ or CD33+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TdT-terminal deoxytranferase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-anemia
-massive splenomegaly
-raised total lymphocyte count (TLC) w/ SHIFT TO THE LEFT
-philadelphia chromosome |
|
|
Term
| polycythemia vera specifics |
|
Definition
-older patient (60's) presents with headaches/dizziness
-raised Hb
-splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| PRIMARY MYELOFIBROSIS specifics |
|
Definition
STEM CELL defect***
-malignant cells leave BM for spleen, leave fibrosis in BM-->force other cells out (leuko/erythrocytosis)
-TEAR DROP CELLS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ineffective hematopoiesis--> all blood cell lines abnormal |
|
|
Term
| most common type of HODGKINS LYMPHOMA? |
|
Definition
| nodular schlerosing lymphoma- fibrosis in the lymph (pink divisions of the tissue histologically) |
|
|
Term
| most common type of NON HODGKINS LYMPHOMA? |
|
Definition
| FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA--> Bcl2 mutation, t14:18 |
|
|
Term
| characterize HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA |
|
Definition
-contiguous/local lymph node involvement
-mostly B cells
-REED STERNBERG CELLS CD15,30+
-associated with EBV
-can present with fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| characterize NON HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA |
|
Definition
-disseminated, extra nodular involvement
-mostly B cells
-associated with HIV
-no B symptoms |
|
|
Term
| what must be done to CONFIRM LYMPHOMA? |
|
Definition
| do a BIOPSY of the lymph node |
|
|
Term
| describe DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYLMPHOMA |
|
Definition
found in HIV patients
-CNS involvement
-proliferation of B Cells |
|
|
Term
| describe MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA |
|
Definition
B Cell proliferation in MANTLE of lymph node
-CYCLIN D1 +
-t11:14
-usually occur in GI track |
|
|
Term
| MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES? what is epidermotropism |
|
Definition
T cell LYMPHOMA --> CD4+ cells
-SKIN: patches->raised skin->nodules
*skin alone prognosis is better than if spreads to BM or lymph nodes
EPIDERMOTROPISM- migration of malignant cells from dermis to epidermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T Cell leukemia
-generalized exfoliating skin lesions
-malignant cells have CEREBRIFORM nuclei (papillary like nuclei) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CD4+ T cell neoplasms
-caused by HTLV 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
langerhans cell histiocytosis
-benign
-teenagers
-pain and pathological fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
langerhans cell histiocytosis
-children 2-6 y/o
-otitis media
-diabetes insipidus
-multifocal lesions (skull) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
langerhans cell histiocytosis
-diffuse eczematous rash
-children < 3 y/o
-multiple cystic lesions |
|
|
Term
| Tumors with HISTIOCYTIC origin will have what features? |
|
Definition
-CD1a + --> langerhans cells
-H&E--> grooved coffee bean appearance
-BIRBECK GRANULES*** (tennis racket granules) |
|
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