Term
| posterior spinal artery lesion effect? |
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Definition
| loss of proprioception, pressure, vibration senses |
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Term
| anterior spinal artery lesion @ level of spinal chord effects? |
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Definition
bilateral loss of pain/temp
bilateral paralysis
touch/vibration etc = intact |
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Term
| what are the two arterial systems that supply the brain? |
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Definition
1. internal carotid artery
2. vertebral / basilar artery |
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Term
| 5 internal carotid branches |
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Definition
ophthalmic
anterior choroidal
posterior communicating
middle cerebral
anterior cerebral |
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Term
| what's the path of the ophthalmic artery & what does it supply? |
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Definition
it travels along the optic nerve
supplies the orbital structures |
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Term
what does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
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Definition
optic tract
some choroidal plexus
some cerebral peduncle
part of internal capsule
thalamus
hippocampus |
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Term
what's the path of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?
what part of the brain does it supply?
what specific area?
lesion cause?
what if the left hemisphere is affected? |
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Definition
it runs in the lateral sulcus
supplies the insula & most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
more precisely:
most of the precentral & postcentral gyri (motor & sensory)
thus a lesion would knock these out
in the L hemisphere might get language deficits |
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Term
where does the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) run?
what does it supply?
|
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Definition
along the longitudinal fissure
supply the medial aspect of the frontal & parietal lobes
supplies some pre/post central gyri (motor/sense)
occlusion - contralateral lower limb deficits |
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Term
medial medullary syndrome
which artery is occluded?
what does it effect?
|
|
Definition
occlusion of anterior spinal artery @ medulla level
(medullary branch of vertebral artery)
affects:
corticospinal tract
medial lemniscus
hypoglossal nerve CN XII |
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Term
vertebral artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
what does it supply?
what's affected if it's occluded? |
|
Definition
inferior surface of cerebellar hemispheres
lateral medulla
choroid plexus of 4th ventricle
occlusion:
inf cerebellar peduncle
spinothalamic tract
sympathetic fibers
nucleus ambiguus
nucleus solitarius |
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Term
| what are the 3 most important arteries that's part of the vertebral-basilar system? |
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Definition
anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
superior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
what does AICA supply (anterior inferior cerebellar artery)
what does it supply?
what does an occlusion affect? |
|
Definition
anterior inferior portions of cerebellum
& parts of the pons
occlusion:
middle cerebellar peduncle
vestibular nuclei
spinal V nucleus & tract
spinothalamic tract
descending sympathetic fibers
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Term
what does the superior cerebellar arteries supply?
what does an occlusion affect? |
|
Definition
superior surface of cerebellum
& most of caudal midbrain & rostral pons
occlusion:
superior cerebellar peduncle & cerebellum |
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Term
what 3 main areas are supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries?
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Definition
medial/inf surfaces of occipital & temporal lobes
branches to rostral midbrain & caudal diencephalon
gives off posterior choroidal arteries which supply the choroid plexus of 3rd & lateral ventricles
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Term
| occlusion to posterior cerebral/basilar artery causes what? |
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Definition
1. Webers syndrome
unilateral damage to ventral region of midbrain
result - superior alternating hemiplegia:
ipsilateral occulomotor nerve palsy & contralateral hemiplegia
2. Benedikt's syndrome
damage to ventral & tegmental areas of midbrain
result - occulomotor paresis, contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral ataxia, tremor & involuntary movements |
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Term
what do the paramedian branches of the basilar artery supply?
occlusion effects? |
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Definition
medial portion of lower & upper pons
occlusion:
corticospinal tract
facial nucleus
abducens nucleus
pontine gaze center |
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Term
what do the long circumferential branches of the basilar artery supply?
occlusion affects? |
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Definition
most of the tegmentum of the rostral & caudal pons
occlusion:
gaze centers
spinothalamic tract |
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Term
what do the short circumferential branches of the basilar artery supply?
occlusion affects? |
|
Definition
area in ventrolateral pons
occlusion:
descending sympathetic fibers
pontocerebellar fibers
spinothalamic fibers |
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Term
stroke?
transient ischemic attack?
aneurysm? |
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Definition
stroke - emblism/thrombus occludes an artery cutting off supply to a part of the brain
ischemic / hemorrhagic
TIA - temporary, small particle occlusion that get degraded over time
aneurysm - swelling of arterial wall, can compress a part of the brain, can rupture |
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Term
what are watershed areas?
result of; ACA-MCA & MCA-PCA |
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Definition
two adjacent vessel occlusions has most severe affect in between them
ACA-MCA: proximal arm & leg weakness
MCA-PCA: visual processing problems |
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