Term
| What is the only bone that connects the axial skeleton to the upper limb skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body and where does it occur? |
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Definition
| clavicle: junction of hte middle and lateral 1/3 |
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Term
| what is the first bone to begin ostification and the last one to finish |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the rotator cuff muscles and what is their primary purpose |
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Definition
S- supraspinatus
I- Infraspinatus +subscapularis
T- Teres Minor
Primary function: to hold the head of humerus in glenoid cavity during all movements of the shoulder |
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Term
what is cleido-cranial dysostosis |
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Definition
| The bilateral absence of clavicle with associated anomalies of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles that connect the axial skeleton to the upper limb |
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Term
| In respect to the breats, what is the most direct way to spread cancer to the vertebral column? |
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Definition
| through the venous system of the intercostal veins |
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Term
| What are the branches of the axillary artery? |
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Definition
"she tastes like sweet apple pie"
1- suprascapular
2- thoracoacromial
3- lateral thoracic
4- subscapular
5- anterior
p- posterior circumflex |
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Term
| What are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery? |
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Definition
It pierces the calvipectoral fascia before giving off its branches
Pectoral
clavicular
deltoid
acromial |
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Term
| 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breasts enters where? |
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Definition
| central axillary lymph nodes |
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Term
| list the order of lymphatic drainage of the breast |
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Definition
as it drains from the breast to axillary system:
pectoral
lateral and subscapular
central
apical
(if cancerous cells are found in apical lymph nodes that is the worst, shows that cancer has spread to the regional lymphatic system and may have metastisized to the rest of the body)
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Term
| How does a "winged scapula" arise |
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Definition
Commonly occurs after an injury to the long thoracic nerve
If the nerve is injured, then it affects the serratus anterior muscle which works to draw the scapular forward and oppose the function of the trapezius.
Since the trapezius elevates and retracts the scapula, this results in a winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve has contributions from C5-C6-C7 |
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Term
| Which three muscles are attached to the corracoid process? |
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Definition
1. pectoralis minor
2. coracobrachialis
3. short head of the biceps |
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Term
| How to test for winged scapula |
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Definition
| Have patient pushed against fixed object, and observe for winging. |
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Term
| Which tendon is the most commonly ruptured in a rotator cuff injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the boundaries and contents of the quadrangular space |
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Definition
Teres minor
teres major
long head of triceps
surgical neck of humerus
contents: axillary nerve, post. circumfelx humeral artery
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Term
| Name the boundaries and contents of the triangular space |
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Definition
Teres major
Teres minor
Long head of the triceps
contents: circumflex scapular artery |
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Term
| Name the boundaries and contents of the Triangular interval |
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Definition
Teres major
Long head of triceps
Lateral head of the triceps/shaft of humerus
contents: radial nerve and profunda brachii artery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| presence of extra breasts |
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Term
| 75% of lymph drainage drains laterally to axillary lymph nodes. What is the subsidiary drainage superiorly, medially, posteriorly, and inferiorly? |
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Definition
superiorly- calvicular nodes
medially- parasternal nodes and opposite breast
posteriorly- intervertebral plexus
inferiorly-phrenic |
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Term
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Definition
Medial wall: uppe ribs/ inercostal muscles/ serratus anterior muscles
lateral wall: humerus
posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi
anterior wall: pec major and minor
base: axillary fascia
apex: interval between the clavicle, scapula, and first rib |
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Term
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Definition
[image]file:///Users/michelledon/Desktop/Picture%203.png
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Term
Long thoracic nerve
(brachial plexus)
root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit? |
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Definition
Root: C5,6,7
Motor deficit: winged scapula-serratus anterior
sensory deficit: none |
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Term
Suprascapular Nerve
Root? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit? |
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Definition
Root: C5,6
Motor deficit: hard to start shoulder abduction-supraspinatus
sensory: none |
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Term
Axillary nerve
Root? motor deficit? Sensory deficit? |
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Definition
Root: C5,6
Motor deficit: difficult abducting arm to horizontal-deltoid loss of shoulder roundness
sensory deficit: lateral side of arm below point of shoulder |
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Term
Musculocutaneous
Root? motor deficit? sensory deficit?
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Definition
Root: C5,6,7
Motor deficit: weakened shoulder flexion-biceps and coarcobrachialis very weak flexion of elbow joint
-biceps and brachialis weak supination of radioulnar joint-biceps
sensory: lateral forearm |
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Term
Radial nerve
Root? Motor deficit? Sensory Deficit? |
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Definition
root: C5,6,7,8,T1
motor deficit: Drop wrist-extensor carpi radialis longus, and brevis, ext. carpi ulanaris
Difficulty making a fist-synergy between wrist extensor and finger flexors
weakness in supination of forearm-supinator muscle
Sensory deficit: posterior lateral and arm, dorsum of hand |
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Term
Median nerve
Root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit? |
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Definition
Root: C5,6,7,8, T1
Motor deficit:
-Ape hand-thub hyperextended and adducted thenar muscles (at wrist and elbow)
-Weakened opposition of thumb-thenar muscles (at wrist and elbow)
-papal hand- loss of flexion of I.P. joints of thumb and fingers 1&2-fl. policis longus, fl. digitorum superficialis, fl. digitorum profundus
Sensory deficit: radial portion of palm, palmer surface and tips of radial 3 1/2 digits
- |
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Term
Ulnar nerve
Root? Motor deficit? sensory deficit? |
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Definition
Root: C8, T1
Motor deficit:
-claw fingers-
-loss of abduction and adduction of MP joints of fingers, interossei
sensory deficit: ulnar and dorsal aspect of palm and ulnar 1 1/2 digits |
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Term
| What type of injury results when the posterior cord is affected? |
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Definition
crutch palsy, paralysis of the arm. Results in loss infunction of the extensors of the arm, forearm and hand = wrist drop |
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Term
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Definition
caused by a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus or inferior dislocation of hte humerus. Weakness of lateral rotation and abduction of the arm
(supraspinatus can still abduct, but not to the horizontal level) |
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Term
| What happens with an upper trunk injury to brachial plexus |
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Definition
ERb-duchenne palsy
-loss of abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation of the arm
= Waiters tip |
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Term
| Lower trunk injury to brachial plexus |
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Definition
klumpkes paralysis
CLaw hand
what else causes claw hand: injury to ulnar nerve |
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