Term
|
Definition
An injury where only ligamentous tissue or the attachment of ligament to bone is involved, without dislocation or fracture
Results from strong contractions related to movements of the vertebral column, such as extensive extension or rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Involves microscopic tearing of muscle fibers.
Usually muscles involved with producing movements of lumbar IV joints (erector spinae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden involuntary contraction of one or more muscle groups.
Attended by cramps, pain, and interference with function, producing involuntary movement and distortion.
As a protective mechanism the back muscles go into spasm after an injury or in response to inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What is arteriosclerosis? |
|
Definition
Blood flow through vertebral arteries that run through the traverse foramen of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and through the suboccipital triangle is reduced
prolonged turning of the head may cause light headedness, dizziness, and other symptoms from the interference with the blood supply to the brain stem. |
|
|
Term
| Damage to the Spinal Accessory Nerve 11 will affect which muscles? |
|
Definition
1. Spinal accessory nerve 11 provides motor innervation to the trapezius. Trapezius elevates, retracts, depresses, and rotates the scapula laterally. Also allows for abduction of arm of 90-180 degrees. Injury to that nerve will affect all these functions.
2. also innervates Sternocleidomastoid muscle. If right nerve is damaged then person will have difficulty looking up and to the left. |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the triangle of ausciltation? What is the clinical significance? |
|
Definition
Bounded by: Trapezius, latisimus dorsi, and rhomboid major
used to listen to respiratory sounds, primarily from inferior lobes of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Boundaries: Latissimus dorsi, external abdominal oblique, and iliac crest
Site where lumbar hernia and infection can occur |
|
|
Term
| What is the sensory supply to the back of the head? |
|
Definition
C2- greater occipital
C3- lesser occipital |
|
|
Term
| If you draw a line through the illiac crest, which vertebral segment does it pass through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of Caudal equina syndrom (CES)? |
|
Definition
CES= uncommon complication of arthritis of the spine (ankylosing spondylitis)
1. decreased sensatino in sacral dermatones
2. moderate motor deficits
3. impaired ankle reflexes
4. bowl and bladder disturbances
|
|
|
Term
| If a patient is injured and cannot elevate the tip of her shoulder, which nerve has been damaged? |
|
Definition
Most likely the spinal accessory nerve. Since it innervates the trapezius, which is the muscle responsible for elevating the scapula and acromion |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the retraction of the scapula |
|
Definition
Rhomboids (innervated by dorsal scapular nerve) and trapezius |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the thoracodorsal nerve would result in what? |
|
Definition
Thoracodorsal nerve innervates the latisimus dorsi, injury to this nerve would result in inability to extend the arm or raise the trunk to the arm (chin ups) |
|
|
Term
| Injury to the transverse cervical artery would affect which muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervates latisimus dorsi, which is important for adducting, medially rotating and extending the artm
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Innvervates trapezius, if injured, patient cannot raise the tip of shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Innervates levator scapulae and rhomboids, if injured patient would have problems elevating and/or retracting the scapula |
|
|
