Term
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Definition
| The ___ functions to metabolize carbohydrates, fat and protein. It also synthesizes bile and detoxifies the body. |
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Definition
| Crigler-Najjar syndrome (type 1/2) and Gilbert syndrome are ___ hereditary hyperbilirubenemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dubin Johnson and Rotor syndrome are ___ hereditary hyperbilirubenemia. |
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Term
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Definition
Crigler-Najjar Type ___ is fatal due to kernicterus and has a neonatal period.
Type __ is less severe. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is a mild and fluctuating unconjugated hereditary hyperbilirubenemia. |
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Term
| dubin johnson (conjugated hereditary hyperbilirubenemia) |
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Definition
| ___ ___ is a defect in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. |
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Term
| rotor syndrome = conjugated hereditary hyperbilirubenemia |
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Definition
| ___ ___ is caused by multiple defects in hepatocellular uptake and excretion of bilirubin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yellow skin / mucosa / sclera, itchy skin, dark urine, pale stool and impaired vitamin K absorption is due to ____ ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is pale stool caused by fat in the feces. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the end stage of many liver diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is repeated bouts of inflammation, cell damage followed by healing with fibrous tissue leading to diffuse fibrosis, impaired liver function and increased chance of liver cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is the loss of normal liver architecture. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is cirrhosis with <3mm nodules. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is cirrhosis with >3mm nodules or may be mixed with <3mm nodules. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the #1 cause of cirrhosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| The etiology of ___ include alcohol, Hep B/C infections, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, biliary obstruction and vascularity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portal hypertension, ascites, edema, bleeding, jaundice and risk of liver cancer are the consequences of ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is any inflammation of the liver, not just caused by a viral infection. It can be metabolic or autoimmune; chronic or acute. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ hepatitis is characterized by swollen hepatocytes, inflammation, apoptosis, and massive necrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Apoptosis in acute hepatisis is called ____ ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ hepatitis is characterized by massive necrosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nausea, anorexia, enlarged liver, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes and abnormal coagulation are symptoms of ___ hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that lasts for more than 6 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and liver disease caused by other drugs tend to be ___ hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is caused by the picornavirus and is spread fecal-orally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is caused by an RNA virus and is mild and often asymptomatic. There is NO carrier state! |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a small RNA virus that causes hepatitis A. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is caused by a DNA virus. It increases risk of liver cancer 200-fold in carriers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis __ is spread parenterally and sexually with most cases being subclinical. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1/3 of hepatitis ___ patients develop cirrhosis --> may develop chronic hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is transmitted sexually/parenterally and consists of 90% of post-transfusion hepatitis cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is common in IV drug abusers. It is an acute self-limiting disease with a greater chance of a carrier state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ and ___ increase risk of liver cancer in carriers by 200xs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is only present with hepatitis B. It increases the severity of hepatitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis ___ is waterborne and not a chronic disease. It has a high mortality rate in pregnant patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| __+ oz per day = heavy drinking. |
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Term
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Definition
| __-__% of alcoholics have cirrhosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| __oz daily for women and ___oz daily for men is moderate drinking and you must weigh the risk of liver damage against the protection from cardiovascular disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a fatty change in alcoholic liver diseases. It is the mildest form of OH injury. It may be caused by a single binge and is reversible in 2-4 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is when microvesicles of fat form in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ hepatitis is when fatty change is present. Liver cells die and PMNs/acute inflammation is present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alcoholic cirrhosis is usually ___nodular. 5-10% develop liver cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is copper overload caused by a mutation in Cu-transport ATP-ase leading to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, psychiatric disorders and kayser-fleischer rings on corneas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kayser-Fleischer Rings on corneas are caused by ___ overload. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatic adenoma are ___ liver tumors in women of childbearing age usually. Cells resemble normal hepatocytes with minor variation and nodules can become large. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hemangioma is a ____ liver tumor that is quite common and can become large. |
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Term
| lung, breast, colon, stomach |
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Definition
| Malignant tumors often metastasize from ___, ___, ___ or ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is the primary carcinoma of the liver. It is found more commonly in men than women and has a poor prognosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Hepatocellular carcinoma is found more commonly in males than females. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hepatitis B/C, cirrhosis, aflatoxins or mycotoxins may cause ___ ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Angiosarcoma is a ____ liver tumor. It has a very poor prognosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is a rare malignancy of blood vessels with a very poor prognosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thorotrast contrast medium, arsenic, anabolic steroids and vinyl chloride are risk factors for ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is an acute inflammation of the gall bladder with right upper quadrant pain usually due to gallstones. They may become infected and perforate. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is when gallstones perforate the gall bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ____ is a chronic gall bladder inflammation caused by gallstones. The walls thicken and may calcify or fill with mucus. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is when the gall bladder calcifies. |
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Term
| cholelithiasis (fair, fat, female, fertile) |
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Definition
| ___ is when the gallbladder becomes inflamed. It is usually asymptomatic and occurs in females > males. |
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Term
| False! "fat, fair, female, fertile") |
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Definition
| T/F: Cholelithiasis affects men more commonly than women. |
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Term
| cholesterol stones / pigment stones |
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Definition
| Gallstones can be either ___stones or ___stones. |
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Term
| False! May also be caused by metabolic diseases (diabetes, amyloidosis) or circulatory distrubances (HTN, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
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Definition
| T/F: Glomerulonephritis is always inflammatory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteinuria = > ___ g/day |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ in nephrotic syndrome is caused by low serum osmotic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ in nephrotic syndrome may be caused by reduced serum apolipoproteins. |
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Term
| polycystic / recessive / dominant |
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Definition
| ___ kidney disease is an autosomal ___ disease in children. It is autosomal ___ in adults. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ are renal stones. They occur more frequently in men than women and have familial tendency. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ are renal stones made of just calcium oxalate or calcium oxalate mixed with calcium phosphate most commonly. |
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Term
| magnesium ammonium phosphate / uric acid / cystine |
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Definition
| Urolithiasis may consist of ___ ___ ___, ___ ___ or ___ less frequently. |
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Term
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Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma = ___% of all renal tumors. It occurs in males > females usually in older population. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ is nephroblastoma. It occurs in children younger than 10 yrs and are aggressive tumors that metastasize quickly. May be treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ ___ (nephroblastoma) are often mixed tumors (epithelial/mesenchymal elements), that may contain muscle, bone or cartilage. |
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