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| a cone-shaped structure, covered in receptor cells called "hair cells" |
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| located within the ampullae of each of the three semicircular canals. As fluid rushes by it, hair cells within it sense rotational acceleration, and transmit the corresponding signal to the brain through the vestibulocochlear nerve |
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| translates head movements into neural impulses which the brain can interpret. The _____ is sensitive to linear translations of the head, specifically movements up and down |
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| use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation |
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| Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains a motion sensor with little hairs (cilia) whose ends are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. As the skull twists in any direction, the endolymph is thrown into different sections of the canals. The cilia detect when the endolymph rushes past, and a signal is then sent to the brain. |
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| a condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement |
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| The most common hypothesis for the cause of motion sickness is that it functions as a defense mechanism against neurotoxins.[7] The area postrema in the brain is responsible for inducing vomiting when poisons are detected, and for resolving conflicts between vision and balance. When feeling motion but not seeing it (for example, in a ship with no windows), the inner ear transmits to the brain that it senses motion, but the eyes tell the brain that everything is still. As a result of the disconcordance, the brain will come to the conclusion that one of them is hallucinating and further conclude that the hallucination is due to poison ingestion. The brain responds by inducing vomiting, to clear the supposed toxin |
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| is mainly associated with drowsiness and/or fatigue during or after motion |
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