Term
| Purpose of the three controls in griffiths "transformation" experiment |
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Definition
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Term
| Results and conclusion of Griffiths "transformation" experiment |
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Definition
| he killed pathogenic material with heat and then mixed the cell remains with living bacteria of the nonpathogenic strain, some of the living cells became pathogetic. In other words R bacteria transformed into pathogenic S bacteria by an unknown, heritable substance from S cell allowed R cells to make capsuls |
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Term
| Avery's question,experiment, results, conclusion |
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Definition
Q: what is Griffiths 'transforming' substance: RNA-DNA-Protein
Experiment: extracted cellular contents of the heat-killed pathogenic bacteria. used specific treatments that inactivated each of the three types of molecules. tested to see which one transformed and which one didnt.
Results: when DNA was allowed to remain active, transformation occured
Conclusion: DNA is the genetic material |
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Term
| Structure of DNA by data from Watson and Crick |
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Definition
x-ray diffraction: fiber of DNA, x-rays ar diffracted by atoms of DNA molecules. helped them figure out that it had a helical shape with two strands present. center = low resolution info outer = high resolution info
Chargaffs Rule: A=T G=C
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Term
| Semi-conservative replication |
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Definition
-The DNA strand splits and replicates resulting in 2 identicle molecules (each with strand of old molecule with template for new molecule)
*2 chromatis *occurs in Interphase, S phase (synthesis) |
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Term
| how is genetic information stored in DNA and define allele |
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Definition
Allele: a version of a gene that had a unique sequence of bases
DNA-(trasncription)-RNA-(translation)-Protein |
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Term
| Illustrate gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes |
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Definition
| in notes and in book pg. 329 |
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Term
| What is a gene and a codon |
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Definition
- A discrete unit of hereditary information cosisting of a specifit nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA
-3 base unit |
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Term
| What are the modifications of the eukaryotic cells for pre-mRNA |
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Definition
1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination |
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Term
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Definition
1) initiation: after an RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the DNA strabds unwind, and the polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.
2) Elongation: the polymerase moves downstream, unwinding the DNA and elongating the RNA transcription 5'-3'. The DNA strands re-form a double helix.
3) Termination: the RNA transcrip is released and the polymerase detateches from the DNA
pg. 332 |
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Term
| molecular component of translation and what are their functions. |
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Definition
1) mRNA: info to produce protein
2) tRNA: bonds amino acids & transferes it down into the ribosome
-anticodon: a nucleotide triplet at one end of a tRNA molecule that recognize a particular complemetary codon on an mRNA molecule.
3) Amino Acid: an organic molecule prossesing both carboxyl and amino groups. amino acids serve as monomers of polypeptides
-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: an enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriete tRNA |
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