Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was just as powerful as Stalin.

Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945

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Atheism

Atheism is not as widely spread in America, as it is in Europe.

The belief that there is no god

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini was an Italian leader.

He organized veterans and other discontented Italians into Fascist Party; "il Duce": the boss

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Black Shirts

Black shirts supported Mussolini and his beliefs

party militants and supporters of Mussolini who rejected the democratic process in favor of violent actions

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Bolsheviks

Bolsheviks were a big part of the Russian Revolution.

A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

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Chancellor

Chancellor is a legal official.

in 1919, German leaders drafted a constitution in the city of Wiemar. It created the Wiemar Republic. The constitution set up a parliamentary system led by a Prime Minister; appointed by & reports to the President

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Cheka

Everyone in Russia were affraid of the Cheka.

secret police, formed by Lenin and the Bolsheviks: made arrests, tortured and executed thousands, took hostages in areas that favored the Whites, ran concentration camps, executed thousands, including the former Tsar Nicolas II and his family

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Collectives

Farmers rebelled against the collectives.

Stalin wanted all peasants to farm on state-owned farms, or large farms owned by peasants as a group

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Comintern

Comintern was formed by Lenin.

Lenin formed the Communist International, an association of Communist parties founded in 1919 by Russian Bolshevik leader Lenin, to promote the spread of the revolution and the preaching of communist principles throughout Europe.

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Command Economy

Command economy meant that government officials made all of the economic decisions.

the Soviet Union developed a system in which the government officials made all basic economic decisions

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Fascism

Fascism was widely spread in Germany.

centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose polices glorify the state over individual and are destructive to basic human rights

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Führer

Führer was one of the main names people called Hitler.

the unique name granted by Hitler to himself, german term meaning "leader" or "guide", Hitler modeled the title after Benito Mussolini's use of il Duce.

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Gestapo

Gestapo was a German Cheka.

German acronym for the German Secret State Police, part of the SS notorious for terrorism against enemies of the state.

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Gulag

Gulag was something similar to concentration camps.

grumblers, or critics of Stalin, were rounded up and sent to a system of brutal labor camps

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Karl Marx

A lot of communist leaders followed the ideas of Karl Marx.

Often recognized as the "father of communism"; believed that communism would replace capitalism, believed in a classless society. (1818-1883)

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Jospeh Stalin 

Joseph Stalin was one of the most brutal leaders in Russia.

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition; "man of steel" (1879-1953)

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Kulaks

Kulaks were known for their wealth.

wealthy farmers

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Lenin

Lenin is known for the most peaceful revolution in Russia.

Founded the Communist Party in Russia and set up the world's first Communist Party dictatorship. He led the October Revolution of 1917, in which the Communists seized power in Russia. He then ruled the country until his death in 1924

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March of Rome

March of Rome consisted of facsists going to Rome.

tens of thousands of fascists swarmed towards Rome. Fearing civil war, king Victor Emmanuel III asked Mussolini to form a government as Prime Minister

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Nuremburg Laws

Nuremburg Laws consisted of taking German citizenship from the Jews.

in 1935, the Nazis passed these laws which deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed several restrictions on them, including: being prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books

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Proletariat

Proletariat is the working class.

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production; the working class

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Ruhr Valley

Ruhr Valley was also known as the failed reparations of Germany to France.

in 1923, Germany fell behind in reparations payments so France occupied the coal- rich Ruhr valley

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Russification 

Russification is a practice to make nations more like Russia.

making a nationalities culture more Russian

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Social Realism

Social Realism was a forced form of art in order to show Soviet from a better side.

Stalin required artists and writers to conform to a style in which the goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light

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Soviets

Soviets were a form of councils.

councils of workers and soldiers

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Totalitarian State

Totalitarian State was forced by Mussolini.

Mussolini practiced the first form of government, a one party dictatorship that attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens

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Third Reich

Third Reich was invented under Hitler.

Hitler boasted that under his new empire the German master race would dominate Europe for a thousand years

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