- Flintlocks vs. rifles

- sailing ships vs. steam powered warships

- the economy was failing and couldn't sustain

- Russians couldn't defend their own territory

- Land owvers saw millions of unwilling and inneficient workers

- freeing serfs would make them wage earners

- competition for employment would keep wages down

- freeing serfs wouldnt solve the problem (millions doomed to poverty)

- serfs are freed and given some land

- remained bound to the villiges (mir)

- needs internal passport, grow what was determined underclass by the mir elders

- government feared "rootless potentail"

- better in some ways but pasture and woodlands were kept by landlords

- the land was not enough to survive

- social and economic divides occured

- kulaks "first" appeared

- richer peasants

- misery used to be equal but a new social divide proposed at the expense of neighbors

What new reforms are set up Tsar Alex?