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Rudiments 2 Theory Exam
music terms and signs
120
Music
2nd Grade
06/29/2009
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Term
a tempo
 Definition
return to previous tempo
Term
accelerando
 Definition
becoming quicker
Term
accent (>)
 Definition
a stressed note or chord
Term
ad libitum
 Definition
at the liberty of the performer
Term
agitato
 Definition
agitated
Term
alla, all'
 Definition
in the manner of
Term
allargando
 Definition
becoming slower, broader
Term
allegretto
 Definition
fairly fast (a little slower than allegro)
Term
adagio
 Definition
a slow tempo (between andante and largo)
Term
allegro
 Definition
fast
Term
andante
 Definition
moderately slowly; at a wakling pace
Term
andantino
 Definition
a little faster than andante
Term
animato
 Definition
lively, animated
Term
arco
 Definition
for stringed instruments: resume bowing after a pizzicato passage
Term
assai
 Definition
much, very
Term
attacca
 Definition
proceed without a break
Term
ben, bene
 Definition
well
Term
bewegt
 Definition
agitated, excited
Term
blues scale
 Definition
a smajor scale in which the 3rd, 7th, and sometimes the 5th degrees are lowered
Term
brillante
 Definition
brilliant
Term
cantabile
 Definition
in a singing style
Term
clusters
 Definition
chords consisting of a combo of at least 3 adjacents notes of any scale
Term
col, coll', colla, colle
 Definition
with
Term
comodo, commodo
 Definition
at an easy, comfortable tempo
Term
con
 Definition
with
Term
con brio
 Definition
with vigour or spirit
Term
con fuoco
 Definition
with fire
Term
con espressione
 Definition
with expressoin
Term
con grazia
 Definition
with grace
Term
con moto
 Definition
with movement
Term
con pedale, Ped.
 Definition
with pedal
Term
con sordino
 Definition
with mute
Term
crescendo, cresc.
 Definition
becoming louder
Term
da capo, D.C.
 Definition
from the beginning
Term
dal segno, D.S.
 Definition
from the sign
Term
decrescendo, decresc.
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
diminuendo, dim.
 Definition
becoming softer
Term
dolce
 Definition
sweet
Term
dolente
 Definition
sad
Term
e, ed
 Definition
and
Term
espressivo
 Definition
expression, with expression
Term
fermata
 Definition
pause; hold note or rest longer than written value
Term
fine
 Definition
the end
Term
forte (f)
 Definition
loud
Term
fortissimio
 Definition
very loud
Term
giocoso
 Definition
humorous, joyful
Term
grandioso
 Definition
grand, grandiose
Term
grave
 Definition
slow and solemn
Term
grazioso
 Definition
graceful
Term
langsam
 Definition
slow
Term
largamente
 Definition
broadly
Term
larghetto
 Definition
not as slow as largo
Term
largo
 Definition
very slow and broad
Term
legato
 Definition
smoothly
Term
leger
 Definition
light, lightly
Term
leggiero
 Definition
light, nimble, quick
Term
lentement
 Definition
slowly
Term
lento
 Definition
slow
Term
l'istesso tempo
 Definition
the same tempo
Term
loco
 Definition
return to normal register
Term
ma
 Definition
but
Term
maestoso
 Definition
majestic
Term
mano destra, M.D.
 Definition
right hand
Term
mano sinistra, M.S.
 Definition
left hand
Term
marcato
 Definition
marked or stressed
Term
martellato
 Definition
strongly accented, hammered
Term
massig
 Definition
moderate, moderately
Term
meno
 Definition
less
Term
meno mosso
 Definition
less movement, slower
Term
mesto
 Definition
sad, mournful
Term
mezzo forte
 Definition
moderately loud
Term
mezzo piano
 Definition
moderately soft
Term
mit
 Definition
and
Term
mit Ausdruck
 Definition
with expresssion
Term
M.M.
 Definition
metronome marking (Maelzel's Metronome)
Term
moderato
 Definition
at a moderate tempo
Term
modere
 Definition
at a moderate tempo
Term
molto
 Definition
much, very
Term
morendo
 Definition
dying, fading away
Term
mouvement
 Definition
tempo, motion
Term
non
 Definition
not
Term
non troppo
 Definition
not too much
Term
ottava, 8va
 Definition
the interval of an octave
Term
octatonic scale
 Definition
an eight note scale consisting of a strict alteration of tones and semitones
Term
pedale, Ped.
 Definition
pedal
Term
pentatonic scale
 Definition
a five note scale (one example found on the black keys of the keyboard)
Term
pesante
 Definition
weighty, with emphasis
Term
piano (p)
 Definition
soft
Term
pianissimo (pp)
 Definition
very soft
Term
piu
 Definition
more
Term
piu mosso
 Definition
more movement, quicker
Term
pizzicato
 Definition
for stringed instruments: pluck the string instead of bowing
Term
poco
 Definition
little
Term
poco a poco
 Definition
little by little
Term
polychords
 Definition
a combo of 2 or more different chords
Term
presto
 Definition
very fast
Term
prestissimo
 Definition
as fast as possible
Term
prima, primo
 Definition
first; the upper part of a duet
Term
prima volta
 Definition
first time
Term
quartal chords
 Definition
chords built on a series of 4ths
Term
quasi
 Definition
almost, as if
Term
rallentando, rall.
 Definition
slowing down
Term
repeat signs
 Definition
repeat the music between the signs
Term
ritenuto
 Definition
suddenly slower, held back
Term
ritardando, rit.
 Definition
slowing down gradually
Term
rubato
 Definition
a flexible tempo using slight variations of speed to enhance musical expression
Term
scherzando
 Definition
playful
Term
schnell
 Definition
fast
Term
seconda, secondo
 Definition
second; the lower part of a duet
Term
seconda volta
 Definition
second time
Term
sehr
 Definition
very
Term
semplice
 Definition
simple
Term
sempre
 Definition
always, continuously
Term
senza
 Definition
without
Term
seventh (7th) chords
 Definition
chords consisting of a root, 3rd, 5th, and 7th
Term
sforzando (sf, sfz)
 Definition
a sudden strong accent of a single note or chord
Term
simile
 Definition
continue in the same manner as indicated
Term
slur
 Definition
play the notes legato
Term
sonore
 Definition
sonorous
Term
sostenuto
 Definition
sustained
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