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A way of grouping different electromagnetic radiations |
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all member of the electromagnetic spectrum have the same |
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members of the electromagnetic spectrum differs in the |
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list the members of the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest to highest |
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Radio waves microwaves infraed light visible light ultraviolet light X rays Gamma rays |
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List the 4 properties of electromagnetic energy |
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Amplitude wavelength frequency velocity |
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distance from crest to crest and is measured in anstroms |
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measured in hertz the rate of rise and fall directly related to energy |
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always constant travels at the speed of light |
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what is the speed of light |
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3 x 10^8 m/s 186,000 miles/sec |
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is higher in the K shell electrons |
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is highest in the outer shells decreases the closer the shell gets to the nuclear |
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is an atom that gains or looses 1 or more electrons |
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an ion is positively charge has more protons than electrons |
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a negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons |
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how to find the number of electrons that belong on a shell |
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atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons |
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atoms of an element with the same number of neutrons and different protons |
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atoms in an element with the same atomic mass but different atomic number |
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atoms in and element with the same everything |
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the intensity of an x ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. |
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beam intensity varies as a function of the square of the distance |
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as SID increases the x ray beam intensity decreases because the beam is spread over a large area in the image receptor |
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inverse square law states that when distance is doubled |
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intensity is decreased by a factor of 4 |
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inverse square law states that when distance is 1/2 |
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intensity is increased by a factor of 4 |
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highly penetrating and invisible rays |
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x rays give of what type of rays |
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x rays are electrically neutral meaning |
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x rays give of what type of energy |
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poly energetic and heterogeneous meaning many energies |
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how does x rays react with surfaces |
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cannot e focused by lenses and do not reflect on surfaces |
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how does x rays interact with matter |
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ionizes all matter and causes biological and chemical changes |
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in a straight line an at the speed of light |
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secondary and scatter radiation |
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what does x rays do with film |
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they affect photographic film |
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what does x rays do to materials |
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causes materials to florescence |
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x rays possesses properties of both waves(energy) and particles(matter) |
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2 main components of the x ray tube |
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is on the cathode focus electrons using negative charge made of nickle |
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made of thoriated tungsten boils of electrons needs 3-6 amps to heat |
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the process of boiling of electrons when heated |
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electrons because of theromonic emission creates a cloud that becomes so great that it opposes the emission of any more electrons |
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rotating or stationary anode |
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Definition
has a focal tract/target and is made of tungsten-rhenium |
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wrapped with copper works through electromagnetic induction rotates @ low rpm of 3600 and high of 10,000. |
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high capacity at 10000 RPM |
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electro-magnets that move the rotor located outside the housing tube |
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connects disk and rotors and is made of molybdenum |
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the exact area of target where electron beam strikes and produces x rays and releases it isotropically |
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x rays that exit the tube through the window. |
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the smaller the anode angle, the smaller the effective focal spot giving better detail. |
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x ray intensity is greater on the cathode side. this is more prevalent with a smaller anode angle. because electrons interacts with the disk. |
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