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| The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. |
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| Part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmoshere. |
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| A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
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| Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area. |
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| Assemblage of different population that live together in a defined area. |
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| Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving or physical, environment. |
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| Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. |
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| Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
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| Organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph. |
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| Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. |
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| Organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates. |
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| Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply. |
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| Organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph. |
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| Obtain energy by eating only plants. |
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| Organism that obtains energy by eating animals |
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| Organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals. |
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| Organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter. |
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| Organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter. |
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| Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. |
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| Feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions. |
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| Step in a food chain or food web. |
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| Diagram that show the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web. |
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| Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level. |
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| Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another. |
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| Process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas. |
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| Loss of water from a plant through it leaves. |
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| Chemical substance that an organism requires to live. |
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| Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia. |
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| Conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas. |
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| Rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem. |
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| Single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem. |
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| An immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that result from a large input of a limiting nutrient. |
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