Term
| What do most theories of anesthesia suggest about that way it works? |
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Definition
| that an enzyme system in the central nervous system is blocked which blocks the passage of impulses |
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Term
| Where is the area of conscious thought? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Central Nervous System remains functional during anesthesia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the medulla contain? |
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Definition
| the vital centers for the heart and respiration |
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Term
| What are the variations that are used to choose which anesthetic you use? |
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Definition
| nature of the procedure; potential for the use of sedation rather than anesthesia; potential for the use of local anesthetic; physical status of the patient; results of the pre-anesthetic physical exam; body type; availability of trained personnel; available equipment; familiarity with technique |
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Term
| What is recommended for procedures longer than 10 minutes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What variations make up the nature of the procedure? |
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Definition
| anticipated duration of the procedure; type of surgery; positioning during technique |
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Term
| What do open chest procedures require and why? |
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Definition
| Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV); because of loss of negative pressure of the chest |
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Term
| How many degrees should the animal be tilted during a procedure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can happen if the animal is tilted on the table too much? |
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Definition
| compression of the diaphragm with viscera may occur; compression of the diaphragm may result in hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced oxygen levels of the tissues |
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Term
| When would you consider sedation instead of anesthesia? |
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Definition
| radiographs, examinations, ear flushes, etc. |
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Term
| Why are the use of local anesthetics limited? |
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Definition
| because of reluctance of animals to hold still |
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Term
| What is the agent of choice for local anesthesia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would local anesthesia be used for? |
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Definition
| suturing wounds, removal of small masses |
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Term
| What do patients with a slow metabolic rate require in terms of anesthesia? |
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Definition
| will require a smaller amount of anesthetic drug |
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Term
| For cardiac patients, what is the best route of anesthetizing? What does this help with? |
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Definition
anesthetized with isoflurane; pre-oxygenation is may be indicated for these patients.
This will reduce the risks of cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxia during the induction procedure |
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Term
| What do young puppies and kittens require when it comes to anesthetics? |
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Definition
| less of an anesthetic because immature liver function |
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Term
| What drug is often avoided in pediatric and geriatric patients and why? |
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Definition
| Acepromazine - because of prolonged duration of action |
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Term
| What are the classifications for anesthesia according to physical status? |
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Definition
Class I - Normal patient admitted for elective surgery (ex - neuter/spay)
Class II - Patient with slight to moderate systemic disease (ex. obesity, dehydration)
Class III - Patient with major systemic condition, not incapacitating (ex. heart murmur, anemia)
Class IV - Patient with severe systemic disease that could lead to death (ex. ruptured urinary bladder, internal hemorrhage
Class V - Patient in a moribund state that may die with or without treatment (ex. severe trauma or shock) |
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Term
| What do lean animals require for anesthesia and why? |
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Definition
| require less amount of barbiturate for anesthesia ( thiopental ); they have limited amount of fat for redistribution from the CNS |
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Term
| What anesthetic can be used in very lean animals and why? |
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Definition
| propofol; it is rapidly metabolized by the liver |
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Term
| What are the routine pre-anesthetic tests that are recommended for healthy patients under 6 years old? |
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Definition
| WBC, RBC, PCV, TP, BUN, BG |
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Term
| What are the routine pre-anesthetic tests that are recommended for patients over 6 years old that have signs of disease? |
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Definition
| CBC, Serum profile include: BUN, Creatinine, liver evaluation (ALT, ALP, GGT), urinalysis, clotting tests |
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Term
| What is a normal bleeding time during a buccal mucosal test? |
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Definition
| 2-4 minutes in the dog; 1.5-2.5 minutes in the cat |
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Term
| What is the final authority concerning cardiac arrhythmias? |
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Definition
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