Term
| A decrease in circulating WBCs |
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Definition
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Term
| A decrease in neutrophils |
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Definition
| Neutropenia or Granulocytopenia |
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Term
| A decrease in lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| List 6 causes of Neutropenia |
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Definition
1. Inadequte/ineffective erythropoiesis
2. DNA problems
3. Increased destruction
4. Spenic sequestration
5. Increased peripheral utilization (bacterial)
6. Drugs (sulfonamides) |
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Term
| A patient arrives with malaise, chills, fever, weakness, fatigue and with ulcers in his mouth. You also notice that he has swollen lymph nodes. What do you suspect is the problem? |
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Definition
| Neutropenia. Note that this can progress to agranulocytosis which ends in death. |
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Term
What sounds better to you?
ANC < 1000 or ANC < 500? |
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Definition
| An absolute neutrophil count below 1000 is worrisome. An ANC below 500 is an emergency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Botryomycosis is essentially an uninhibited bacterial growth where they grow in colonies with no WBC response. |
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Term
| What could be some causes of lymphopenia? |
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Definition
| Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, SLE, Di George, AIDS, SCID, Cushings |
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Term
| Endotoxemia, acute infection, hypoxia, corticosteroids, epi, inflammation and myeloproliferative disorders can all lead to what? |
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Definition
| Neutrophilic leukocytosis |
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Term
| A 55 year old chronic smoker comes in with an acute MI. Hb and platelets are normal. WBC 15,500. WBC Diff: 80% neutrophils, 10% band neutrophils, 7% lymphocytes, 3% reactive lymphocytes. What is it called when you see these blood levels? |
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Definition
| Neutrophilia aka Neutrophilic leukocytosis. Note that the WBC count, neutrophil percentage, and band neutrophil percentages are all INCREASED. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutrophilic Leukocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxic Granulation. The Neutrophil on the right is mature. You will see in the cytoplasm all of the toxic granules. The neut on the left is a band form. It is becoming mature and the nucleus is more curved rather than lobed. |
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Term
This is seen in patients suffering from sepsis, acute appendicitis (ruptured), whooping cough, mono, or severe hemorrhage.
Leukocyte Count > 30,000
Benign |
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Definition
| Leukemoid Reaction, also goes by Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder |
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Term
| What differential do you do on a WBC count to determine if the patient has a reactive process or chronic myelonegous leukemia? |
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Definition
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphates (LAP) score.
A low score in most things is life sucks, so it does here too. A low LAP score means cancer. A high score is just a leukemoid reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
Auer rods, better not even THINK about anything but AML.
Don't forget blast count will be >20%, usually see hepatosplenomegaly, and bone pain. |
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Term
| Terd Ferguson enters your office in a fit of madness, rattling on about how he's not sure if his really big hat has Acute or Chronic Leukemia. How do you explain the differentiation between the two? |
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Definition
| Acute have have onset with aggressive course, and usually show very immature cells (Blast count > 20%). Chronic have slow onset (hence occur later in life) and usually show more mature cells in BM and periphery (Blasts < 20%). |
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Term
| A firstie in obvious dire concern confronts you regarding his recent lapse of memory in genetics. He desperately pleads for you to share your infinite wisdom and inform him a genetic cause of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (and heck, while you're at it, look really good and tell him the FAB classification along with it). |
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Definition
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Term
During lecture, Dr. Arya shoves a microphone in your face and asks you the characteristic cells that are found in AML M3. You hesitate at first, but manage to get the words out.
She then follows up saying the patient an increase of D-Dimers and peripheral bleeding. What common occurence are they suffering from? |
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Definition
Dr. Arya was trying to remind the class about Faggot cells, promyelocytes with many Auer rods and cytoplasmic granules.
The patient is experience DIC! |
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Term
| If the question stem says AML, what two CD markers does Arya desperately want you to remember? |
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Definition
CD13 and CD33
Bless those lil three's |
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Term
| What would you treat a patient with AML M3 with? with hopes of doing what? |
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Definition
| Treat with ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid) to overcome the maturation block and cause maturation. |
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Term
What type of ALL has the best prognosis? And what marker will it be positive for?
Which has the worst? |
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Definition
Early pre B-cell has the best prognosis; CD10
T-ALL has the worst prognosis! |
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Term
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Definition
| Typical ALL slide. Notice the Lymphoblasts with condensed nuclear chromatin, small nucleoli, and scant agranular cytoplasm. |
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