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Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes
basic anatomy roots, prefixes, and suffixes
187
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2010

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Term
a-, an
Definition
lack, without (asexual)
Term
ab-, abs-
Definition
from, away from, separated (abduct; abscess)
Term
-able
Definition
capable; viable (cabable of living)
Term
acou-
Definition
hearing; acoustics (science of sound)
Term
acr-
Definition
extremity; acromegaly (large extremtities)
Term
ad-
Definition
to, toward, attached to (adduct)
Term
adeno-
Definition
gland; adenoma (glandular tumor)
Term
-aer-
Definition
air (aerobic; anaerobic)
Term
-aesthes-
Definition
feeling (anesthesia)
Term
af-
Definition
toward (afferent)
Term
-al
Definition
expressing relationship; neural (referring to nerves)
Term
algia
Definition
pain; gastralgia (stomach pain)
Term
amyl-
Definition
starch (amylase)
Term
angio-
Definition
vessel; angiography (radiography of blood vessels)
Term
ante-
Definition
before, forward; antecubital (before elbow)
Term
anti-
Definition
against, reversed; antiperistalsis (reversed peristalis)
Term
arthr-
Definition
joint; arthritis (inflammation to a joint)
Term
-ary
Definition
associated with; urinary (associated with urine)
Term
-asis
Definition
condition, state of; homeostasis (state of staying the same)
Term
aud-
Definition
hear (auditory; audiometer)
Term
auri-
Definition
ear (auriscope)
Term
auto-
Definition
self, oneself (autograph; autotrphic) autolysis=>self breakdown
Term
baro-
Definition
pressure, weight (barometer)
Term
bi-
Definition
two, twice, double (bilobed; biceps) bicuspid=>two cusps
Term
-bio(s)
Definition
life, live (symbiosis)
Term
-blastos-
Definition
germ or forming (erythroblast)
Term
brachio-
Definition
arm (brachial; brachial artery)
Term
brachy-
Definition
short (brachycephalic)
Term
brady-
Definition
slow (bradycardia)
Term
-bronchio-
Definition
gill (bronchiomeric, bronchiopod)
Term
brevi-
Definition
short (brevipennate, brevity)
Term
-calci-
Definition
pertaining to lime; spur (calcareous; calcite)
Term
callous-
Definition
hard, thickened (corpus callosum, callus)
Term
-cardi-
Definition
heart (pericardium, cardiovascular)
Term
-carn-
Definition
flesh (carnage, carnal)
Term
carcin-
Definition
cancer: carcinogen=>causig cancer
Term
cardio-
Definition
heart: cardiopathy=>heart disease
Term
cauda-
Definition
tail (caudal)
Term
cephal; -cephale-
Definition
head: cephalic=>toward the head
Term
-cele
Definition
hollow: blastocele=>hollow cavity inside a blastocyst
Term
cereb-, cerebro-
Definition
brain (cerebellum, cerebrum), cerebrospinal=>referring to brain and spinal cord
Term
chi
Definition
22nd letter of Greek alphabet, crossing (chiasma)
Term
-chiro-
Definition
hand (chiropractor)
Term
-chloro-
Definition
green (chlorophyll)
Term
chole-
Definition
bile (cholecystic), acholic=>without bile
Term
-chondr-, -chondro-
Definition
cartilage, gristle (perichondrium), chondrocyte=>cartilage cell
Term
-cid, -cide or cidal-
Definition
kill, to kill (suicide, fungicidal, bactericidal) bactericide=>agent that kills bacteria
Term
-cili-
Definition
hair (ciliated)
Term
circum-
Definition
around, about (circumcision) circumduction=>circlar movement
Term
-clast-
Definition
to break, destroy, smash; osteoclast=>cell that breaks down bone
Term
-clavis-
Definition
club-like (clavicle)
Term
-cle, -clus, -cule, -culus
Definition
small, diminutive (auricle)
Term
co-, com-, con-
Definition
with, together (coagulate, commensal, conjugate) coenzyme=>molecule that functions with an enzyme, commisure=>coming together, convergence=>to incline together
Term
coll-
Definition
glue (collagen, colloid)
Term
contra-
Definition
counter, against, opposite (contrary, contraindicated) contralateral=>opposite
Term
-corn
Definition
horn, hard (unicorn, cornea, cornified)
Term
corona-
Definition
crown (coronary)
Term
-corp-, -corpus-
Definition
body (corpuscle, corpus callosum)
Term
-cortex-
Definition
outer layer (adrenal cortex, corticotrophic hormone)
Term
-costa-
Definition
rib (costal cartilage, intercostal)
Term
crypto-
Definition
hidden, cryptorchidism=>undescended or hidden testes
Term
-cune
Definition
wedge (cuneiform)
Term
-cyt, cyte, cyto-
Definition
cell (lymphocyte) erythrocyte=>red blood cell, cytoskeleton=>spportive fibers inside a cell
Term
cyano-
Definition
dark blue (cyanosis)
Term
-cyst-
Definition
bladder (fibrocystic)
Term
-dendron-
Definition
treelike (dendrite)
Term
-dent-
Definition
tooth, pointed (dentate, peridont)
Term
-derm-
Definition
skin, layer (ectoderm, dermal) dermatology=>study of skin
Term
di-
Definition
two, twice (divide) diploid=>two sets of chromosomes
Term
dia-
Definition
through, apart, across, between (diameter, dialysis) diapedesis=>ooze through
Term
dis-
Definition
different, apart, apart from, away, reversal, negative (disinfect) dissect=>cut apart
Term
diplo-
Definition
two, divided (diploid)
Term
dura-
Definition
hard, lasting (dura mater)
Term
-dynia
Definition
pain, mastodynia=>breast pain
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, hard, difficult (dysentery), dysmentia=>bad mind
Term
e-, ef
Definition
out of, out, from, away from (eject), eviscerate=>take out viscera
Term
ecto-
Definition
outside, external, on outer side (ectoparasite), ectoderm=>outer skin
Term
-ectomy
Definition
to cut out, cut out, appendectomy=>cut out of the appendix
Term
-edem-
Definition
swell, myoedema=>swelling of a muscle
Term
-emia
Definition
blood, anemia=>deficiency of blood
Term
endo-
Definition
within, inner (endoderm, endocardium), endometrium=>within the uterus
Term
entero-
Definition
intestine, enteritis=>inflammation of the intestine
Term
epi-
Definition
upon, on the surface, on; epidermis=>on the skin
Term
erythro-
Definition
red, erythrocyte=>red blood cell
Term
eu-
Definition
well, good; euphoria=>well being
Term
ex-
Definition
out, away from; exhalation=>breathe out
Term
exo-
Definition
outside, on outer side; exogenous=>originating outside
Term
extra-
Definition
beyond, outside of (extracellular)
Term
-ferent
Definition
carry; afferent=>carrying to the central nervous system
Term
fovea-
Definition
a small pit (fovea centralis)
Term
-form
Definition
expressin resemblance; fusiform=>resembling a fusion
Term
gala-, lac-
Definition
milk (galactose, lactose)
Term
gastro-
Definition
stomach; gastrodynia=>stomach ache
Term
-gen, genesis
Definition
produce, producting, beginning, origin (genesis, collagen); pathogenesis=>origin of disease
Term
gloss-, -glosso-
Definition
tongue (glossopharyngeal); hypoglossal=>under the tongue
Term
glyco-
Definition
sugar, sweet (glycose); glycolysis=>breakdown of sugar
Term
-gram
Definition
letter or record, a drawing (electrocardiogram); myogram=>drawing of a muscle contraction
Term
graph-
Definition
writing, instrument that records (kymograph); myograph=>instrument for measure muscle contraction
Term
gyn-
Definition
woman (gynecology)
Term
hemato-, hemo-, hem-
Definition
blood (hemaatology); hemopoiesis=>formation of blood
Term
hemi-
Definition
half (hemisphere); hemiplegia=>paralysis of half of the body
Term
hepato-
Definition
liver (hepatic); hepatitis=>inflammation of the liver
Term
hetero-
Definition
varied, different, other (heterogenous, heterodont)
Term
hist-, histo-
Definition
tissue, tissue web; histology=>study of tissues
Term
homeo-, homo-
Definition
same (homology); homeostasis=>state of staying the same; homologous=>alike in structure or origin
Term
hydro-
Definition
water, wet (hydroscopic); hydrocephalus=>fluid within the head
Term
hyper-
Definition
above, over, excessive; hypertrophic=>overgrowth
Term
hypo-
Definition
below, under, deficient (hypodermic); hypotension=>low blood pressure
Term
-iatr-
Definition
teat, cure; pediatrics=>treatment of children
Term
iasis-
Definition
condition of (choleithiasis)
Term
infer-
Definition
below (inferior)
Term
infra-
Definition
below, beneath; infraorbital=>below the eye
Term
inter-
Definition
between; intercostals=>between the rib
Term
intra-
Definition
within; intraocular=>within the eye
Term
ism
Definition
condition, state of; dimorphism=>condition of two forms
Term
iso-
Definition
the same, equal; isotonic=>same tension
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation (appendicitis); gastritis=>inflammation of the stomach
Term
kerato-
Definition
cornea or horny tissue; keratinization=>formation of hard tissue
Term
kin-
Definition
move or moving (kinetic); kinesiology=>study of movement
Term
leuco-, leuko
Definition
white; leucocyte=>white blood cell
Term
mal-
Definition
bad; malnutrition=>bad nutrition
Term
mast-
Definition
breast; mastectomy=>excision of the breast
Term
mega-
Definition
great; megacolon=>large colon
Term
melano-
Definition
black; melanocyte=>black pigment-producing skin cell
Term
meso-
Definition
middle, mid; mesoderm=>middle skin
Term
meta-
Definition
beyond, after, change, or transfrmation (metacarpal, metamorphosis); metastasis=>beyond original position
Term
mono-
Definition
one, single (monocyte); monosaccaride=>one sugar
Term
morpho-
Definition
body, shape, form (morphology); morphogenesis=>formation of tissues and organs
Term
myelo-
Definition
marrow, spinal cord; myeloid=>derived from bone marrow
Term
myo-
Definition
muscle (myogenic); myocardium=>heart muscle
Term
narco-
Definition
numbness; narcotic=>drug producing stupor or weakness
Term
necro-
Definition
death (necrosis)
Term
neo-
Definition
new; neonatal=>first few weeks of life
Term
nephro-
Definition
kidney; nephrectomy=>removal of kidney
Term
neuro-
Definition
nerve; neuritis=>inflammation of a nerve
Term
oculo-
Definition
eye; oculomotor=>movement of the eye
Term
odont-
Definition
tooth or teeth; odontomy=>cutting a tooth
Term
-ole
Definition
small (bonchiole)
Term
oligo-
Definition
few, scanty, little; oliguria=>little urine
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor (fibroma); carcinoma=>cancerous tumor
Term
-op-
Definition
see, sight; myopia=>nearsighted
Term
ortho-
Definition
straight, normal; orthodontics=>discipline dealing with the straightening of teeth
Term
-osteo-
Definition
bone (periosteum); osteocyte=>bone cell
Term
oto-
Definition
ear; otolith=>ear stone
Term
ovi-
Definition
egg (oviduct)
Term
para-
Definition
beside, beyond, near to (parathyroid); paranasal=>near the nose
Term
patho-
Definition
disease (pathology)
Term
-penia
Definition
deficiency; thrombycytopenia=>deficiency of thrombocytes
Term
per-
Definition
through, excessive, excessively; permeate=>pass through
Term
peri-
Definition
around (pericardium); perosteum=>around bone
Term
-phag, phago-
Definition
eat or eating (phagocyte); dysphagia=>difficulty eating or swallowing
Term
-phas-
Definition
speak, utter; phasia=>unable to speak
Term
-phil
Definition
like, love, loving (hemophilia); hydrophilic=>water-loving
Term
phleb-
Definition
vein; phlebotomy=>incision into a vein
Term
phobia-
Definition
fear; hydrophobia=>fear of water
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralyze; paraplegia=>paralysis of lower limbs
Term
-pnea
Definition
breathe or breathing; apnea=>lack of breathing
Term
pneumo-
Definition
air, gas, or lung (pnemonia); pneumothorax=>air in the thorax
Term
pod-
Definition
foot; podiatry=>treatment of foot disorders
Term
-poie-
Definition
making, production; hematopoiesis=>make blood cells
Term
poly-
Definition
many, much (polyuria); polycythemia=>excess red blood cells
Term
post-
Definition
behind, after (posterior, post-surgery); postpartum=>after childbirth
Term
pre-, pro-
Definition
before, in front of (premature); prenatal=>before birth, prosect=>to cut before-for the purpose of demonstration
Term
procto-
Definition
anus, rectum; proctoscope=>instrument for examing the rectum
Term
proto-
Definition
first (protoplasm)
Term
pseudo-
Definition
false (pseudopodia); pseudostratified=>falsely layered
Term
psycho-
Definition
mind, soul (psychology); psychosomatic=>effect of the mind on the body
Term
pulmo-
Definition
lung (pulmonary)
Term
-renal-
Definition
kidney (renal artery, suprarenal)
Term
-rrhage
Definition
bursting forth (hemorrhage)
Term
rhino-
Definition
nose (rhinoscope)
Term
sarco-
Definition
flesh (sarcolemma)
Term
sclero-
Definition
hard (sclerosis)
Term
semi-
Definition
half (semicircular)
Term
sub-
Definition
below (subclavian)
Term
-some
Definition
body (chromosome)
Term
super-, supra-
Definition
above (suprascapula)
Term
syn-
Definition
binding together (synapse)
Term
tachy-
Definition
fast, swift; tachycardia=>rapid heart rate
Term
therm, thermo-
Definition
heat (thermometer)
Term
-tome
Definition
cutting (microtone)
Term
tox-
Definition
poison (toxemia)
Term
trans-
Definition
across (transverse)
Term
-trophy
Definition
nourishment (atrophy)
Term
-uria
Definition
urine (glycosuria)
Term
vaso-
Definition
vessel (vasodilation)
Term
vermis-
Definition
worm (vermiform)
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