Term
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Definition
- Subclavian Vessels
- vagus nerve
- Recurrent Laryngeal nerves
- Phrenic Nerve
- Cervical sympathetic trunk
- thoracic duct
-apex of lung |
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Term
| Boundaries of Root of Neck |
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Definition
| Manubrium, Clavicle, Scapula, T1 vertebra, first ribs |
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Term
| Branches & Location of Parts of Subclavian Arteries |
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Definition
1st Part: medial to anterior scalene
Branches: vertebral, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic (*on left side, costocervical trunk)
2nd Part: behind anterior scalene
Branches: dorsal scapular, costocervical trunk
3rd Part: lateral to anterior scalene, no branches |
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Term
| Branches of Thyrocervical Trunk |
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Definition
| Inferior Thyroid Artery, Suprascapular Artery, Ascending Cervical Artery (branches into superficial branch & deep branch of transverse cervical artery) |
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Term
| What is the importance of the inferior thyroid artery? |
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Definition
| it goes behind the thyroid inbetween the parathyroid glands, you can trace the artery without reflecting the thyroid gland and locate the parathyroid glands. 2 superior glands 1 cm above and 2 inferior 1 cm below |
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Term
| Branches of Costocervical Trunk |
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Definition
supreme intercostal artery
deep cervical artery |
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Term
| What is the only tributary into the subclavian vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferior cervical ganglion fuses with 1st thoracic ganglion to become... |
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Definition
| Stellate ganglion, at the C7 level, blocked for pain, onset of horner's syndrome indicates successful block |
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Term
| Superior cervical ganglion |
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Definition
| largest of the cervical ganglia, C2-C3 level, contains neurons that supply sympathetic innervation to the face |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest of the three, sends gray rami to 5th & 6th cervical nerves, gives off middle cardiac nerve |
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Term
| What structures arise from sympathetic chain of deep neck? Where are the postganglionic cell bodies? |
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Definition
Structures: internal & external carotid plexuses,
cardiac nerves,
ansa subclavia
the superior cervical ganglion contains the postganglionic cell bodies |
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Term
| What is the ansa subclavia? |
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Definition
| nerve cord that is connection b/w middle & inferior cervical ganglion, forms a loop around subclavian artery |
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Term
| Cervical sympathetic Trunk pre- & postganglionics |
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Definition
pre-ganglionics arise in upper thoracic spinal cord segments, pass through white communicating rami, ascend in trunk to superior cervical ganglion
postganglionics to neck pass through gray communicating rami to cervical nerves to be distributed to sweat glands, blood vessels, erector pili muscles
post ganglionics to the head leave the superior cervical ganglion and follow blood vessels to structures of the head |
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Term
| What is horner's syndrome and what are the symptoms? |
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Definition
Horner's syndrome - an interruption of oculo-sympathetic pathway leading to sympathetic inactivity
Symptoms: Ptosis (drooping eyelid), Anhidrosis, Miosis (affected pupil smaller)
20-40% caused by second order neuron; thoracic/neck tumor; pancoast's tumor |
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Term
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve splits into.....before suppliying muscles of the voicebox |
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Definition
| anterior & posterior rami |
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Term
| Recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all laryngeal muscles except which? and what is that muscle supplied by? |
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Definition
| cricothyroid, innervated by external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve |
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Term
| Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve enter the pharynx? |
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Definition
| below the inferior constrictor muscle, along with the inferior laryngeal artery |
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of the recurrent laryngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| important in thyroid surgery, as it runs immediately posterior to this gland. If it is damaged during surgery, the patient will have a hoarse voice. Similar problems may arise due to invasion of the nerve by a tumor or after trauma to the neck. The right recurrent is more susceptible to damage during surgery because it is more medial. |
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Term
| Where do the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins drain? |
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Definition
superior & middle into internal jugular
inferior into brachiocephalic |
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Term
| What arteries supply the thyroid gland? What is the origin of those arteries? |
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Definition
superior thyroid artery: first branch of the external carotid; posterior glandular branch anastomoses with inferior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery: branch of the thyrocervical trunk which branches off the first part of the subclavian |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of the thyroid gland, possible causes are numerous (inadequate dietary intake of iodine) |
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Term
| What structures may be damaged in a thyroidectomy? |
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Definition
| recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve and anterior jugular veins |
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Term
| What is thoracic outlet syndrome? |
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Definition
| compression of subclavian artery and/or brachial plexus between scalene muscles and/or bones of the outlet |
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