Term
| Why is the Italian peninsula a strategic location for settlement? |
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Definition
| It was ideal for sea trade, surrounded by water on 3 sides, mild climate, and protected by the Italian Alps. |
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Term
| What is the location of the Italian peninsula? What is the location of the city of Rome? |
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Definition
| Italy; in the Mediterranean Sea. Rome; Located mid-point of the Mediterranean sea. Stretches from Europe almost to Africa. Rome was located on the Tiber River. |
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Term
| What were the two main social classes in early Rome? Who was a member of each class? |
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Definition
Patricians- were made up of full-blooded Etruscans
Plebeians- made up the majority of the population. Were the working class. Even if they were rich, they still weren’t Etruscan! |
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Term
| Explain the executive branch of the EARLY Roman Republic. Who was allowed to hold positions in this branch of government? |
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Definition
| Patricians were only ones allowed to hold positions in this branch. It was made of the consuls who serve 1 year terms, run day-to-day affairs of the government, and had power to veto. |
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Term
| Explain the changes to the executive branch in the REVISED Roman Republic. Who was allowed to hold positions in government in each part? |
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Definition
| Plebeians were now allowed to be part of the tribunes in the executive branch of the revised republic. They also had the power to veto, and were protected by the law. Still made up of the Consuls. |
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Term
| Explain the legislative branch of the EARLY Roman Republic. Who was allowed to hold position in this branch of government? |
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Definition
| Patricians were the only ones allowed to hold position. Was made up of the Senate (300 men severe life terms, advise consuls, and propose laws) and the Assembly of Centuries (100 men that elect consuls). |
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Term
| Explain the changes to the legislative branch of the REVISED Roman Republic. Who was allowed to hold position in the government in each part? |
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Definition
| Both patricians and plebeians. Made up of the assembly of tribunes (plebeians, elect tribunes, will, after time, win the right to vote), senate (make laws, patrician), and the assembly of centuries. |
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Term
| What were the causes of the Punic Wars? |
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Definition
1st- Carthage broke a law with Rome and Sicily
2nd- Hannibal wanted revenge
3rd- Rome got jealous and attacked Carthage |
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Term
| What was the outcome of each of the punic wars? Be specific! |
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Definition
| 1st- Rome gained Sicily as a province, Rome received a large indemnity 2nd- Rome gained Southern Spain, Sardinia, and Corsica. Gained a huge indemnity from Carthage, and Carthage lost most of its warships. 3rd- Carthage became part of Roman provinces, then they destroyed Carthage, sold survivors into slavery, they gained more territories throughout the Mediterranean because no one could stop them. |
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Term
| Religious beliefs of the early Romans were greatly influenced by which culture? How is it similar? Different? |
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Definition
| It was influenced by the Greeks. Mythology was much like the mythology of the Greeks, but most had different names. Also, it is different because they Roman women had more freedom than those in Greece. |
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Term
| What were the Twelve Tables (XII)? Why are they important? |
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Definition
| They gave us the concept of “innocent until proven guilty.” They also made the laws so that they were fair throughout the social classes. Placed in the Forum for all to see. |
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Term
| What were the Latifundia? Who did it benefit? Who did it hurt? |
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Definition
| They are large estates in the provinces rented to the wealthy by the Roman government. (Really big farms). Hurt small farms, used slave labor, hard for small farmer to stay in business. |
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Term
| Who was the Gracchi? What did each of them try to accomplish? (name each and explain) |
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Definition
Tiberius Gracchus tries to limit the size of Latifundias, and tries to bring about land reform for the poor. The roman senate opposes his actions.
They were Roman reformers. Tried to stop land reform corruption. |
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Term
| Who was in the First Triumvirate? What do you know about each of these people? How may they contribute to the fall of the Roman Republic? |
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Definition
Who: Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
What: Caesar- was a powerful leader, gave jobs to unemployed, created a new calendar (365 days), (murdered March 15) Pompey- served as consul in 70 BCE, split power with Caesar in 60 BCE, 52 BCE became sole Consul, Crassus- served as consul with Pompey in 70 BCE, 60 BCE splits power with Pompey & Caesar, biggest military achievement was him defeating Spartacus in 71 BCE. He ordered Caesar to come back to Rome. |
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Term
| Explain some of the reasons & events for the eventual fall of the Roman Republic. |
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Definition
| Because of the many taxes, and the revolt acts against the high taxes, the Roman republic had to raise taxes even more because they had called in the military to fight revolts, which lead to debt and falling of the Roman Republic. Spread of slavery, inflation, and unemployment |
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Term
| Who was part of the Second Triumvirate? What is important about each of these men? |
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Definition
Who: Antony, Lepidus, Octavian
What: Antony- top Gov. official during Caesars rule, drove out conspirators from Rome and took control, conquered Syria and Asia Minor; ruled over Greece, associated with Cleopatra, Lepidus- also top Gov. official during Caesars rule, ruled North Africa, Octavian forced him to retire, Octavian- Caesar’s nephew, was 19 when Caesar passed, ruled Italy & West, forced Lepidus to retire and then took control. |
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Term
| Who were the important Roman gods? Who were their Greek counterparts? |
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Definition
| Jupiter- Zeus, Juno- Hera, Apollo- Apollo, Minerva- Athena, Venus- Aphrodite, Mars- Ares, Diana- Artemis |
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Term
| How was the government of the Roman Republic an example of checks and balances? |
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Definition
| Because it separated powers, and made sure that one branch of government became too strong. Each branch had to “check” each other. |
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Term
| Did the political struggle between the patricians and plebeians strengthen or weaken the roman Republic? Give examples. |
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Definition
| It weakened the republic because of disagreements, and when at first the Plebeians weren’t allowed to take part in the government, the Patricians had to do all the work which made it harder for them. |
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Term
| What similarities and differences exist between Rome’s revised Republic and U.S. government today? |
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Definition
Similarities- we have executive and legislative branches, we have a senate, employed the idea of check and balances.
Differences- the president is now the one that can veto laws rather than the triunes made up of the Plebeians. |
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Term
| How did the government of the Roman Republic become more democratic in its decision making over time? |
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Definition
| Because they soon involved the Plebeians, which were the majority of the population, and they were then allowed to be part of the government and make decisions together. |
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Term
| How did the location of Rome help it become a seat of trade & power? |
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Definition
| They were good fishermen because of the fact that they were on the Tiber River, which was good for their trading aspect. |
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Term
| Why did the Greeks and the Romans develop their gods and myths? |
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Definition
The developed gods and myths so that they could have a reason to believe why things happened, and who or what caused them.
Gave them human emotions to explain why they did things. |
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