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| The roman republic is a period which began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy |
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- City of the coast of North Africa
- Territories- Numida, Some of Spain, Sardia, Corsica, Sicily until The |
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- War was over the control of Sicily
- Carthage lost control and Rome won control
- Carthage had to pay a fine |
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- brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat
- His battle strategy was to go through Spain and the Alps with lots of Elephants and men to get to Rome instead of going straight on they tried a surprise attack. |
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- lead by Hannibal
- Won in Cannae in 216 B.C.
- Hannibal lost most of his army
- Then the Romans regrouped and prevented him from taking over Rome |
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- The Romans found a military leader to match Hannibal, Scipio
- Scipio who devised a plan to attack Rome
- Scipio’s strategy was to force Hannibal to defend
- In 146 B.C. Rome set fire to Carthage and enslaved anybody left
- Rome won |
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- They then conquered the eastern half of the Mediterranean
- In 70 B.C Rome stretched from Anatolia, Spain in the west |
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- Tiberius and Gaius
- They tried to help the poor
- As a result they both had violent deaths |
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| a form of Government in whihc the power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote |
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- Triumvirate- a group of three rulers
- were Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey
- Caesar was a military leader
- Crassus was a wealthy roman
- Pompey was a popular general
- The triumvirate broke up
- Pompey became Caesars rival
- Pompey and Caesar went to war
- Caesar conquered
- Pompey died
- In 50 B.C
Caesar was killed by senators, Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius
- because they thought that he was to powerful
- Killed on March 15 44 B.C. |
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- Were Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian(Augustus)
- Mark Antony experienced general
- Lepidus was a powerful politician
- Octavian was Caesars grandnephew
- Ruled for ten years
- It broke up because:
- Lepidus was forced to retire by Octavian
- Mark Antony and Octavian became rivals
- Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra |
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- Egyptian queen
- Originally from Macedonia
- In history a chubby Greek girl, but now perceived as beautiful
- Cleopatra fell in love with Mark Anthony
- Her relationship with Rome was fine until she and Mark Antony ran away together
- Then Octavian did not like Cleopatra because of Antony
- She wanted to conquer |
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- Grandnephew/ son of Caesar
- When he restored the Roman Republic he became the unchallenged ruler of Rome
- First Emperor in Rome |
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- good sdministrator
- murdered many
- persecuted christians |
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- Means “Roman Peace”
- for 207 years during “Pax Romana” Rome was at Peace
- during this time Rome grew immensely
- the government stabilized |
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| 6.3- The Rise of Christianity |
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- belived in more than one god
- excepted all religons |
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| any of various imperial officals with fiscal or adninistrative poweres |
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- Apostle- 12 men that wrote the gospels
- born in the town of Nazareth
- at age 30 began ministering
- emphasized the relationship between human and god
- main information about Jesus is in the 4 gospels
- famous as he taught and taught
- Jesus’ popularity concerned Roman and Jewish Leaders
- Pontius Pilate arrested Jesus to be killed or nailed on a stake |
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- apostle
- had influence on Christianity
- Jew, never met Jesus
- spent most of his life spreading Christianity
- had a vision of Jesus that told him to spread the religion
- spread that Christianity should be welcome to all religions |
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| Jewish Rebellion/ Dispora |
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- Diaspora- the dispersal of the Jews
- In A.D. 66 Jews rebelled against Rome
- In A.D. 70 Rome destroyed the Temple complex
- All that remained was a portion of the shine which is very holy today
- Half a million Jews were killed
- Jews made another breakaway in A.D.73
- Another half a million Jews were killed in three years |
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- Embraced all people
- Gave hope to the powerless
- Appealed to those who rebelled
- Offered a persona relationship with a loving god
- Promised eternal life after death |
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| Percecution of Christians |
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- Main reason for the persecution was that they refused to worship another god
- People kept on spreading the religion even though it was illegal |
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| Christianity vs. Roman Religon |
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| 6.4- The Fall of The Roman Empire |
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- Was a strong willed army leader
- New emperor
- Restored order to the empire
- Increased strength
- Doubled the size of the army
- Thought that the empire had gotten to big
- Divided the empire
- Into Greek speaking east and Latin Speaking West
- Retired in A.D. 305 because of illness
- Further plans failed
- Then civil war broke out
- four rivals competing for power
- Constantine won |
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- Young commander
- Ended persecution of Jews
- Gained control of the Western Empire in A.D 312
- Gained control of the East Empire in A.D. 324
- Restoring concept of a simple ruler
- Moved the capital of Rome to a Greek city named Byzantium(now Turkey)
- Thus the empire shifted to the East
- After Constantine’s death the empire divided
- The east survived and the west fell |
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- Poet
- Rival of Homer
- Wrote the Aeneid
- Spent ten years of the story of the Aeneid |
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| 6.5- Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization |
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| Roman Art and Architecture |
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- Used domes arches and concrete
- Built a vast network of roads constructed out of stone concrete and sand |
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- Ten written laws
- Written down by ten officials
- Carved out of twelve tablets or tables
- Hung in the Forum
- Said that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law |
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- The mixing of element of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman culture
- Also called classical civilization |
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- Leader of the household
- Usually the father |
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| Legacy of the Latin Language |
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- Remained language in the west
- Official language in Roman Catholic Church into the 20th century
- Adopted into French, Spain and Italian ect. called Romance Languages |
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- Dealt with strengthening right of Roman citizens
- Then came to believe that the laws should be fair
- Influenced by Stoic philosophers |
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