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| _____________ was a great leader during the Second Punic War that crossed the Alps with his troops and battle elephants. |
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| The Punic Wars were between Rome and the _____________ which was originally a Phoenician colony founded in N. Africa. |
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| In Rome there were 2 __________ or leaders that were elected every year that issued laws and lead armies into battle (usually separately) which created a check on power with no one man in control. |
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| _____________ were the large, less wealthy farmers, merchants, artisans, and craftspeople who eventually gain some power using successio. |
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| This group was made up of those that have either served as one of the 2 leaders or a judge, consisted of about 300 upper class citizens, and eventually gained large amounts of power |
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| After using successio, the lower class were able to create the Council of ______ and elect a Tribute; however, it still left only the wealthy in charge. |
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| Created an Empire of one strong ruler that received power by entertaining the masses |
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| Which is not a successful strategy of the Romans? |
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| A government where the leader is not a monarch and a limited number of citizens can vote for representatives is called a __________. |
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| Geographically, Rome's success may have been due to being built on 7 hills and 18 miles up the Tiber River making it easy to ___________ and ____________. |
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| ___________ were wealthy Roman landowners, only class that originally could hold office, and were not a large class. |
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| Left many farmers landless or broke forcing them to move to the cities |
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| What was one huge effect of the Punic Wars on Rome? |
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| An equal rule of 3 is called a _______________. |
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| Of the 4 'bad' emperors, ________ loved the arts; killed his mother, Agrippina, and teacher, Seneca; and persecuted Christians. |
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| Of the 5 'good' emperors, ________ helped educate the poor and expand the empire into Dacia or modern day Romania, Mesopotamia, and Sinai. |
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| The ____________ brothers of Gaius and Tiberius tried to settle the crisis in Rome; however, they were both killed by the Senate opening a door to a new way to do politics. |
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| When Caesar "Crosses the ____________," he was committing treason toward Rome and started a civil war with Pompey. |
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| Caesar officially was made a ___________ or someone traditionally given power in time of emergencies and for a limited time; however, many doubted he would give back the power leading to his assassination. |
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| After Caesar is assassinated, another power struggle ensued between 3 new rulers which ended with ____________ defeating Marc Antony at Actium, who then flees to Egypt with Cleopatra to commit suicide. |
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| Increased the size of the Senate to 900 |
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| What is something that Caesar did when he came to power? |
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| __________, a Roman general, changed how the army was recruited by promising land to the soldiers changing their loyalty from Rome to him. |
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• It would be easier to work a slave to death and replace them, than treat them well
• Slavery was once a small but with enslaving conquered people, became enormous
• Greeks were typically teachers which emphasizes the importance of Greek in Roman society |
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| What statement describes slavery in Rome? |
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| Carpe Diem means "Seize the Day." What Greek philosophy does this seem to reflect? |
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| __________ and ___________ were/are a way to keep the masses happy/distracted in order to keep or gain power. |
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| ____________ was a famous gladiator that lead a slave revolt in the 70s BC. |
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| ___________ means 'father lead' which shows how Roman society was ordered, though it changes allowing women more freedom over time. |
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| ___________ used the defeat of the slave revolt in the 70s BC to gain an army and political power that put him into a position to be in power with Caesar and Pompey. |
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| Poor people lived in horrible housing called ___________ that often were unsanitary, collapsed, overcrowded, prone to fires, and had high rent. |
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| ___________ wrote the Aeneid that is similar to the Iliad and celebrates the ideal Roman. |
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| ________ was a historian that wrote "The Early History of Rome" and saw history as a moral lesson. |
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| ____________ mostly wrote satires, said Carpe Diem, and pointed out how people complain about their life |
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| Constantine became the first Christian Emperor and issued the _____________ that proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity |
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| ________ was a new Jewish prophet that believed his mission was to fulfill the prophecy of salvation and was believed to be the messiah. |
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• It allowed people to use their own religious practices
• It gave purpose beyond Rome but to the individual and higher salvation
• It didn't create classes but was about all people |
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| Why was the spread of Christianity so fast? |
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| Of the 4 views on the Romans, the _____________ were priest that favored cooperation with Rome. |
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| One of Jesus' followers that was able to spread his teaching along Asia Minor and the Aegean due to his Roman citizenship was ________. |
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| It solidified their faith and lead to more organization of the church |
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| What is true about the persecution of Christians? |
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| In 6 AD, ___________ or the lands of the old Kingdom of Judah became a Roman Province. |
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| The Zealots called for a violent overthrow of the Romans which lead to a revolt in 66 AD which was put down in 70 AD and the __________ of ___________ was destroyed |
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| Of the 4 views on the Romans, the __________ who were scholars that believed that if they held close observance to religious law |
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| Due to being seen as a threat to public order and Roman virtue/morals, Christians were persecuted until the 3rd century. The worst of this persecution may have come from ________ who would turn Christians into human candles and have dogs tear them apart. |
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| After Marcus Aurelius in 180 AD, the civil wars ended with a military government under the _____________ rulers who were told to "pay the soldiers, ignore everyone else." |
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| One of Constantine's greatest achievements is taking the Greek city of ____________ (later Constantinople and Istanbul) on the Bosporus Strait. |
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| The Huns pushed the ____________ West and South across the Danube and eventually revolted, sacking Rome in 410 AD. |
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| The invasions and civil wars after 180 AD were worsened by an epidemic disease called a ___________ which created a labor shortage for both farmers and the military. |
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| Both Diocletian and Constantine tried to deal with a rapid increase in prices called? |
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| The __________ sacked Rome in 455 and were seen as a ruthless tribe the destroyed things in their way (though possibly untrue). |
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| Diocletian tried to save the empire by splitting the empire in __ parts and created a rule of 4 called a _________. |
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| One major issue that contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire in the West was the use of ___________ mercenaries that had no loyalty to Rome. |
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| __________________ was the last Roman emperor in 476. |
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--Christianity caused a decline in the virtues that held the military and citizens loyal to Rome
--Lead poison from plumbing and cups |
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| Choose 2 contributing reasons the Roman Empire fell. |
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