Term
|
Definition
| location of essential thesis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| recapitulates the main arguments in favor of the main thesis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| beginning of a rhetorical piece, attempts to make the audience well-disposed to what follows |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| explains the nature of the disputed matter |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| argument in favor of thesis |
|
|
Term
| Why does Paul have to pick and choose his words carefully here in the beginning of Romans? |
|
Definition
| they are not his converts, he must establish his authority over them and make a good first impression |
|
|
Term
| Is Paul doing any apologetics in Romans where would that be and what is he defending? |
|
Definition
Rom 9-11
defending his Jewish heritage, Jewish-Christians, non-Christian Jews |
|
|
Term
| Does the argument against it have a lot of merit? Why is Romans 16 important? |
|
Definition
not a lot of merit
-proves Paul has contacts in Rome
-proves Paul was writing about specific issues
-Paul has authority! |
|
|
Term
| What is Paul's specific rhetorical strategy for including those names? |
|
Definition
he is seeking credubility and making his audience receptive and welcoming of his message and his coming
-also maybe are used to show Paul's authority and the fact that Roman Gentile Christians need to welcome the Jews that Paul mentions |
|
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Term
|
Definition
49 AD: Edict of Claudius
-expelled Jews from Rome
54 AD: Nero allowed them back in
56-57 AD
-Romans written while Paul was in Corinth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| this is just his rhetorical style and should not be taken to mean that Paul has opponents in Rome |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Gentiles who had attended synagogue but had not yet converted to Judaism |
|
|
Term
| About how many house churches does Paul know of in Rome? Why does this explain the "dissension and tendency to fragmentation"? |
|
Definition
5 house churches
no centralized authority with the tendency to fragment/fight |
|
|
Term
| Why does Paul ask his Gentile audience to pass his greetings on to the Jewish Christias? |
|
Definition
creates unity, first step of reconciliation btwn groups
-koinonia and hosptality |
|
|
Term
| If Paul leaves a socio-economic hierarchy intact, what 2 other hierarchies are not? |
|
Definition
| ethnic and gender hierarchies |
|
|
Term
| What is Nero's state of mind and action when Paul wrote this letter? |
|
Definition
| Nero was sane and ambitious, true peace, no persecution |
|
|
Term
| Why are other religions and their practices obsolete (w/ priests, temples, sacrifices etc)? |
|
Definition
| Christ is the final and ultimate atoning sacrifice |
|
|
Term
| Language of majority of Jews in first century Rome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who would have read this letter aloud? |
|
Definition
probably Phoebe
*very important to understand that this was to be read aloud!* |
|
|
Term
| Is Romans a summary of all Christian doctrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Paul write this letter? |
|
Definition
(1)gain support for future mission work [Spain]
(2)have R.G.C endorse/recognize/embody the vision of Jew/Gentile unity in Christ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation/exaltation of a person to the height of a god |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of this rich introduction? |
|
Definition
| Paul wants to create a cnxn with Roman audience and demonstrate his authority as a apostle, representative and servant of God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"called out and set apart person"
-like a legal agent, sent to undertake a task with the authority/power of the sender |
|
|
Term
| Anti-imperial rhetoric and euangelion? |
|
Definition
Roman emperors proclaimed the "good news" of victory when they came home from battle, changed an emperor etc
Here it means the true salvation of Christ |
|
|
Term
| What inaugurated the eschaton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Paul use terms formerly used of Israel for larger Gentile audience? |
|
Definition
| believes that Jew and Gentile who believe are united in Christ, therefore are God's eschatalogical ppl |
|
|
Term
| Is Paul a supersessionist? Is Romans supersessionist rhetoric? |
|
Definition
-NO! (he is a completionist: waiting for Jesus' return to make complete the united family of Jew and Gentile in Christ)
-Romans = anti-supersessionist rhetoric (gospel first to the Jew)
- |
|
|
Term
| Why does Paul introduce himself as the oft-looked down upon servant? |
|
Definition
| He believes that humans were created to serve God with their whole being, therefore they are his servants :) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| righteousness, mercy (9-11) |
|
|
Term
| According to Quintillian, what carries the greatest weight in deliberative speeches? |
|
Definition
authority of the speaker
-Paul is working hard to develop this |
|
|
Term
| How is Paul putting Romans church on notice when he says "your faith is being reported all over the world"(1:8)? |
|
Definition
They are in Rome, capital of Roman empire, others look to them for their example so Paul is saying they had better set a good one
-Paul wants to appeal to their pride |
|
|
Term
| So, Paul wrote Romans in late AD 56-early AD 57, when did he finally get there? |
|
Definition
AD 60
He had to take collection for saints to Jerusalem first, was arrested, and made it to Rome only in bondage |
|
|
Term
| Why the addition of 1:12 to 1:11? |
|
Definition
(1)trying to smooth things over, so R.G.C don't feel like he's going to come in and take over; Paul wants them to know that he will work with them
(2)Focusing on unifying "feel-good" polemics until he gets into the meat of his argument for including Jews with R.G.C |
|
|
Term
| Paul's narratio introduces the beginning of his argument |
|
Definition
| if share same believe in God's gospel, then all belong to Christ therefore EQUAL in Christ |
|
|
Term
| What does Paul want from Romans audience, other than unity? |
|
Definition
| financial support for continuing his ministry to Spain |
|
|
Term
| What is Paul's propositio or thesis? |
|
Definition
1:16-17
"I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. For in the gospel a righteousness from God is revealed, a righteousness that is by faith from first to last, just as it is written: 'the righteous will live by faith'" |
|
|
Term
| Three stages of salvation? |
|
Definition
(1) i have been saved
(2) i am being saved
(3) i will be saved |
|
|
Term
| 6 aspects of Righteousness |
|
Definition
(1)righteousness is not an innate quality of a believer
(2) can refer to righteousness/justice of God hiimself
(3)effect of righteousness of God on human beigns [salvation]
(4) salvation comes about by believers' faith
(5)righteousness is used to talk about saving work of Christ
(6)righteousness = legal standing DOES NOT WORK! |
|
|
Term
| What is Witherington's understanding of 1:17 "from faith unto faith"? |
|
Definition
from the faithful one unto those who have faith
-God's righteousness can only come from God/Christ, not man! |
|
|
Term
| General breakdown of Romans? |
|
Definition
Romans 1-11
-what humans have done in their fallenness, and God's response of Christ
Romans 12-15
-What Christians in Rome ought to do as a response to the Good News |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which story is the subtext of Romans 5-7? |
|
Definition
| Adam (symbolic of humanity born into death) |
|
|
Term
| Fundamental failure of Luther and Augustine in regards to Rom 7? |
|
Definition
| not an attempt to describe the condition of the Christian, actually a description of those outside of Christ/sprititually "dead" (those who are in Adam) |
|
|
Term
| How is Gal 4 similar to Rom 9-11? |
|
Definition
| both are the refutatio (argument against opponent's case) |
|
|
Term
| Discuss Witherington's understanding of God as "an equal-opportunity savior"? |
|
Definition
God has not given up on anyone and he will never permanently reject anyone, salvation is regardless of previous rejection from God
-Jew/Gentile/barbarian, male/female, slave/free |
|
|
Term
| when we sin we are punished by natural consequence. We choose a sinful chaos and God gives us up to that sin so that we are lost in it :( |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does God's righteousness mean for those who have exchanged God's truth for a lie? |
|
Definition
righteousness ->wrath (those outside of Christ)
righteousness ->salvation (those in Christ) |
|
|
Term
| Who is the founder of natural theology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABC's of religion in 2:17-3:20 are? |
|
Definition
10 Commandments + idolatry and immorality
Decalogue |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of Gentiles that might be being critiqued in in Rom 2:1-16? |
|
Definition
(1)those who were confident of self-mastery
(2)God-fearers who had absorbed Jewish critique of Gentiles/beliefs about idolatry/immorality before becoming Christians |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Paul is addressing Gentiles in 2:1-16? |
|
Definition
True!
(1)critiquing them for doing similar types of pagan activities, bringing it into their Christianity
(2)those who sin apart from law (therefore Gentiles) |
|
|
Term
| What are people condemned for in 1:18-32? |
|
Definition
| They have ignored and suppressed the knowledge of God,which is all around them in creation |
|
|
Term
| Does God actively will for people to sin? |
|
Definition
| No, he allows it to happen by "giving people up" to the lusts of their hearts |
|
|
Term
| If Paul does not speak of inclinations, attitudes or genetics in relation to homosexuality, what does he speak of? |
|
Definition
| He speaks of actions (homosexual actions are unnatural and wrong) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impersonation, speech in character |
|
|
Term
| What 2 rhetorical techniques are found in Romans 2? |
|
Definition
(1)diatribe via dialogue
(2)impersonation |
|
|
Term
| How is Paul using diatribe? |
|
Definition
| In an teaching/guiding manner, not to emotionally attack opponents |
|
|
Term
| Paul's careful and competent use of rhetoric does what for him? |
|
Definition
| proves his authority and ethos |
|
|
Term
| How does Paul use the term "sin"? |
|
Definition
| As an all-encompassing power over fallen people; sin is personified here |
|
|
Term
| What does OT teach about deliberate sin? What does Paul teach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Paul doing with the first 2 arguments of Romans? |
|
Definition
Leveling Jews and Gentiles
(then will unify and unite in Christ) |
|
|
Term
| What version of the OT does Paul use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary advantage to being a Jew? |
|
Definition
| entrusted with word of God |
|
|
Term
| Why are Jews not morally superior? |
|
Definition
(1)more entrusted to them so more responsibility
(2)all guilty of sin |
|
|
Term
| The righteousness of God refers to what, usually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the reference to "lost glory"? |
|
Definition
| humans have lost glory of God b/c they sinned; great intro to Paul's discussion of Adam's mortality |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for a person to be set right? |
|
Definition
(1)no longer condemned
(2)new creature with a circumcised heart
(3)new identity as child of God |
|
|
Term
| Does the gospel involve judgment? |
|
Definition
| Yes, judgment of Jesus instead of believers; example of God's righteous wrath |
|
|
Term
| How can God be righteous and still deal with sinners? |
|
Definition
| Only through Christ's blood and our faith in him can God remain righeous and be gracious/forgiving to us! |
|
|
Term
| Has this gospel nullified the law? |
|
Definition
| By no means! God still demands acts of righteousness from his people, necessary response of gratitute |
|
|
Term
| 3 major metaphors in 3:21-31? |
|
Definition
legal: being set right - through Cross
slavery: redemption - freed from bondage to sin
sacrificial: atonement - set in right relationship with God and man
**righteousness of God** |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to be made righteous? |
|
Definition
acquitted from the law and from death
>>NOT made virtuous |
|
|
Term
| According to Quintillian, what is strongest kind of proof? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What did Abraham believe?
What does faith mean? |
|
Definition
-He believed God's promise (not a believer in "the faith"/not a Christian before Christ came)
-trusting God at his word |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Practice that calls for setting two passages with a common important term side by side and letting one aid in the interpretation of the other |
|
|
Term
| Why did Abraham get circumcised? |
|
Definition
| acts as a seal of the covenant, shows that individual belongs to the LORD |
|
|
Term
| What is Paul's view of the Law in Rom 4:15? |
|
Definition
| Sin can only be a transgression when it transgresses a known law. Because of the law there is greater accountability therefore greater wrath |
|
|
Term
| What 2 stories of Abraham does Paul focus on? Why does he not use the sacrifice of Isaac? |
|
Definition
Paul focuses on Abraham's faith and trust (not Abe's faithfulness)
-trust that he will be father of many nations
-trust that he and Sarah will conceive |
|
|
Term
| Rom 5: peace, reconciliaton and the Roman emperor? |
|
Definition
| propaganda of peace spread (Pax Romana) = fake peace! |
|
|
Term
| If Paul is not speaking about peace as inner tranquility, what kind of peace is he talking about? |
|
Definition
cessation of hostilities between God and man b/c of sin
>restoration of a relationship |
|
|
Term
| Paul is comparing Christ to Nero and saying that Nero and his minions have absolutely no power comparatively... hallelujah!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Language of grace in Romans 5? |
|
Definition
we are living in grace, its a sphere that we enter and live in through the power/grace of God the Father
>we can stand in the presence of the holy!! wow |
|
|
Term
| What are two things that Paul boasts about in 5:2? |
|
Definition
(1)eschatological hope
(2)present sufferings |
|
|
Term
| To what does the phrase "love of God" refer? |
|
Definition
God's love for us
(only appears 3x in Pauline letters) |
|
|
Term
| When God's love is poured into our hearts, what OT text is being fulfilled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crescendo of terms used to describe those for whom Christ died? |
|
Definition
| powerless, sinners, enemies, ungodly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of argument that traces from lesser to greater, proof more than embellishment |
|
|
Term
| What tense does Paul refer to salvation in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who does Paul never blame for original sin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the Moses story a "glorious anachronism"? |
|
Definition
| only had a purpose before Christ's coming, was temporary guidance until the "new age" dawned |
|
|
Term
| Which three stories are generative narratives for Chrsitians? |
|
Definition
Adam, Abraham and Christ narratives
(Moses is not!) |
|
|
Term
| Paul may have believed that fallen nature was passed genetically from Adam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Witherington mean when he argues that Christ's "act of justice" wiped the slate clean? |
|
Definition
-he does not mean that all people were put in right standing with God
-he means that we are all now FREE to enter a relationship with God that will provide right standing
(before Christ impossible to have a right relationship with God) |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean that "death reigns in sin"? |
|
Definition
| death is a direct result of sin |
|
|
Term
| Was Law added so that sin would increase? |
|
Definition
| By no means! Added with RESULT that sin increased |
|
|
Term
| Why was Paul grateful that he did not baptize more ppl? |
|
Definition
Did not see the baptism ritual as what makes people children of God, just outward sign of spiritual transaction with God
(they were seeing it as proof that they were children of God instead of the symbol of that transaction |
|
|
Term
| If those within Christ are freed from sin, what of those outside Christ? |
|
Definition
| they are bound to/bound in sin |
|
|
Term
| Romans 6: what 3 things are abolished here? |
|
Definition
(1)old self
(2)body of death
(3)slavery to sin |
|
|
Term
| What is the weak chink in the Christian's armor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Romans 7 contrast with Romans 8? |
|
Definition
7: non-Christian experience in Adam
8: Christian experience by Christ and the Spirit |
|
|
Term
| If freedom is not just freedom from sin for Paul, what is it? |
|
Definition
| freedom for specific lifestyles/tasks that each has been called to by God, freedom to serve God |
|
|
Term
| 2 very real problems that Paul takes on in Rom 9-11? |
|
Definition
(1)ethnic prejudice
(2)supersessionist thinking |
|
|
Term
| What does Paul think about sanctification? |
|
Definition
-condition that leads to eternal life
-holiness of heart and life
-believer must constantly and continually submit to being a living sacrifice |
|
|
Term
| holiness is obligatory not optional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
historical person impersonated in Rom 7:7-13?
who is impersonated in 7:14-25? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Paul understand the original sin of coveting the fruit of the prohibited tree? |
|
Definition
| violation of the tenth commandment of 10 Commandments |
|
|
Term
| how is the exceeding sinfulness of sin revealed? |
|
Definition
| it will use even a good thing, the Law, to accomplish an evil end - death |
|
|
Term
| Romans 7:7-13 defends what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do.
Who is this true of? |
|
Definition
| man/woman who was dead in sin and outside of Christ (those who are in Adam) |
|
|
Term
| According to Witherington, what is the tension in the Christian life between? |
|
Definition
-inner person who is being renewed and the outer person/body which is not
-flesh/sinful inclination and HS |
|
|
Term
| In what chapter of Romans does the word "Spirit" occur, and how many times does it show up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the major problems with the Law? |
|
Definition
| it cannot transform a fallen human being or empower him/her to transform life |
|
|
Term
| What is the "newness of life" that Paul refers to in 8:11? |
|
Definition
| newness of life will happen when the mortal body is resurrected in the future (NOT:a spiritual transformation) |
|
|
Term
| When does the Holy Spirit (HS) come to the believer? |
|
Definition
| at conversion, then never leaves |
|
|
Term
| What OT text is the background for Romans 8:16? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does adoption mean in Roman context? |
|
Definition
adoption meant a brighter future/adoption with God means eternal life
...
both positives! |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of renovation that resurrection entails? |
|
Definition
(1)internal renovation
(2)external renovation
(3)eternal renovation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1 Cor 15: resurrection of Jesus = foretaste of resurrection of all believers
Romans 8: HS |
|
|
Term
| Paul and Romans 8:28 "all things work together for the good of those who love God..." |
|
Definition
| *Things work together for good, but not necessarily in this life* |
|
|
Term
| Define "foreknow" and "predestine"? |
|
Definition
foreknow-God know ahead of time that he will bring his creation to redemption
predestined-God sets our destiny ahead of time
*those who love God are known by God ahead of time!* |
|
|
Term
| What is the final act in the process of conforming believers to Christ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did God do for humankind (Rom 8)? |
|
Definition
destined us, called us, set us right, glorified us
*all we can do is love him!* |
|
|
Term
God will destine all of humanity for a relationship with him/eternal life who will learn to love him back!
*there is hope!* |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concise summary of Romans 1:16b-8:30? |
|
Definition
| If God is for us, who can be against us? |
|
|
Term
| How does being a member of the elect affect personal freedom? |
|
Definition
elect=people group
personal freedom/choice is never damaged, the individual is free to abandon God and choose death |
|
|
Term
| What is the one thing that can separate a believer from the love of God? |
|
Definition
If that believer chooses to abandon God, God can do nothing about it
-our selfish/sinful selves are the only thing that can separate us from God's love |
|
|
Term
| 2 important questions for Romans 9-11? |
|
Definition
(1)Will God keep his covenant with Israel or will he abandon them
(2)What is the status of Gentiles in people of God in relationship to Jews |
|
|
Term
| T or F: Romans 9-11 is an afterthought? |
|
Definition
FALSE!
Climax of the theological portion |
|
|
Term
| Which section of Romans is most scripture-saturated? |
|
Definition
| Romans 9-11: 28 citations, 31% of citations throughout undisputed Pauline letters |
|
|
Term
| 2 things that Scriptural references prove in Rom 9-11? |
|
Definition
(1)God is faithful to his Word
(2)God has purposes and takes into account
(a)Israel's faith and unfaithfulness
(b)promises made to Israel
(c)Israel's apostasy |
|
|
Term
| Paul's views on predestination, election, the remnant etc falls into what theological way of thinking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group from early Judaism held the middle ground in discussions of determinism or predestination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 notions in Rom 9-11 must Paul rebut? |
|
Definition
(1)God has forsaken his first chosen people
(2)Word of God failed
(3)Israel has stumbled and is permanently lost |
|
|
Term
| Romans 9:2 echoes whose OT plea? |
|
Definition
| Moses (Numbers and Exodus) |
|
|
Term
| Romans 9:5b is one of the most debated verses in all of Pauline lit, why? |
|
Definition
Paul calls Christ God
(therefore Christ=God) |
|
|
Term
| What does hardening refer to? |
|
Definition
temporary/in time
NOT ETERNAL DAMNATION! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another debated passage in Pauline lit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paul's problem with the Law is its anachronism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Romans 11:16 What does the root refer to? |
|
Definition
| patriarchs, but could also be Jewish-Christians |
|
|
Term
| 2 ways Paul puts Gentile Christians in their place? |
|
Definition
(1)Jews are given precedence over Gentile Christians as the people of God b/c part of natural olive tree
(2)Gentiles=wild olive branches, their addition does nothinng for Jews, grafting is by grace |
|
|
Term
| In Romans 11 what is the most controversial vers? |
|
Definition
11:25-26
who does "all Israel" refer to?
(nation of Israel w/some exceptions) |
|
|
Term
| Paul has ____ percent of quotes from Isaiah here? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
furthers aim of church unity by discussing harmony
(1)within church
(2)btwn church and state
(3)other areas |
|
|
Term
| Where does Paul's call for obedience come from in Rom 12-15? |
|
Definition
| Jesus tradition and teaching |
|
|
Term
| If all theology is grace then all ethics are ___________? |
|
Definition
gratitude
(all ethics are gratitude) |
|
|
Term
| 3 things one must have/do to determine what is indeed good and pleasing and perfect in God's sight? |
|
Definition
(1)renewed mind
(2)gain moral vision
(3)become competent in moral discernment |
|
|
Term
| regarding spiritual gifts, what stops believers from inflated thinking? |
|
Definition
| realizing that gifts are from God, not ours |
|
|
Term
| 12:13 and "needy among the saints": saints are probably who? |
|
Definition
| Jewish Christians in Rome who are a minority |
|
|
Term
| Famous Sermon that Paul knows well? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Romans 12:21
Paul speaks of overcoming evil with good, who is this characteristic of? |
|
Definition
| God and his way of dealing with enemies |
|
|
