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| We know it addresses the Jew & Gentiles because.. |
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| When, how, by whom church founded? |
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| The church was founded by Jewish believers after Pentecost. |
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| How the church became primarily Gentile? |
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| When the Jewish believers were expelled from Rome |
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| The main literary and historical figures? |
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Ambrosiaster- said in 300AD that Romans embraced the gospel in a Jewish manner without the apostles. This is showing how the church was most likely started by Jewish believers rather than apostles.
Suetonius- wrote “Lives of the Emperors” and indicated that there were Jewish believers in Rome in 49AD while Claudius was emperor. |
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| Size of the Jewish community? |
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| The size of the Jewish community was about 40,000 |
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| God is glorified as Christians broadcast the Word of God (the Gospel) so that people can be made right with God. |
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| The manuscript problems associated with the ending of Romans? |
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Problem- P46 puts the 16:25-27 doxology after ch 15
Solution- there is no evidence for only a 15 chapter Romans
Problem- warnings about false teachers are out of place in 16:17-20
Solution- see 3:8
Problems- greeting 25 people in a church he has never visited
Solution- many Jewish believers forced to flee because of persecution may have met Paul in his travels.
** The best evidence is the manuscript evidence |
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| includes the status of righteousness (purity, holiness, innocence) before God which is reckoned to the sinner on the basis of the imputed righteousness of Christ. |
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| a symbol, sign, or picture of our saving union with Christ |
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| a result of being right with God, it is what happens after God is propitiated |
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| the process of growing in personal holiness. |
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| the judicial act of God, in which He declares on the basis of the righteousness of Jesus Christ, that all the claims of the law are satisfied with respect to the sinner. |
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| turning away the wrath of a deity, usually through the offering of a sacrifice. |
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I. The need for being right with God (1:1- 3:20)
A. the impact of the Gospel (1:1-17)
B. The need for the Gospel (1:18-3:20)
II. The means for being right with God (3:21-4:25)
A. righteousness is available from God (3:21-4:25)
B. righteousness is appropriated by faith alone (3:27-4:25)
III. The results of being right with God (5:1-8:39)
A. Christians can live a life of rejoicing (5:1-11)
B. Christians can live a life of security (5:12-21)
C. Christians can live a life free from the tyranny of sin (6-7) |
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| In 1:5, the obedience of faith means what?- |
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| “the obedience of faith” is a subjective genitive and is “obedience which faith produces” Paul’s ministry aimed to foster saving faith that resulted in well-rounded discipleship. |
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| Problem with 1:17? How should it be translated and understood? what does “righteousness of God” mean? |
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- it’s an subjective genitive (righteousness which God recons to believers from Him) YES
-What OT verse is cited in Romans 1:17?- the OT verse is Hab 2:4 which is about the prophet’s struggle with how God could use wicked people (Babylonians) to discipline a less wicked people (Israel). Hab 2:4 fits in with Rom 1:17 because both in Hab 2:4 and Rom 1:17 the key to one’s relationship with God is faith. Both refer to the utter reliance upon God and His Word vs. human effort.
- What does the phrase “from faith to faith” mean?
By faith from start to finish? YES→ see 2 Cor 2:16 where “from death to death” and from “life to life” mean “totally result in death/life”
- How should the phrase “but the righteous man shall by faith” be translated?
The “righteous by faith will live [be saved]” It’s an eschatological living. |
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| How do sins in 1:18-32 relate to judgement of God? Sinned by Jews or Gentiles? |
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- They relate to the judgment of God because these people knew the word, yet they did every thing contrary to the word.
- The sins are done by BOTH Jews and gentiles.
- There are three aspects of God’s wrath
1. Fact of God’s wrath against humanity- 1:18-3:20 is presented to prove the statement that God’s righteousness is “from faith to faith”
2. Reasons for God’s wrath against humanity- there is clear knowledge of God, yet there is a rejection of God.
3. The Revelation of God’s wrath against humanity- given over to religious impurity, degrading passions, and social problems
These sins relate to the judgment of God because true knowledge of God is available in nature, and man actually perceives some things about God, but this knowledge is inadequate to save man, mankind ignores this knowledge resulting in wrath. |
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| Where does Paul explicitly begin to address Jewish concerns in chapter 2? |
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| Paul begins to address Jewish concerns in 2:17. |
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| In 3:1-8, be able to summarize the Jewish objections to which Paul responds |
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1. Objection of Jewish advantage- Paul seems to being saying that being a Jewish has no advantage over gentiles,
BUT: there is an advantage in being entrusted with the Hebrew Scriptures! It is a tremendous privilege.
2. Objection of divine unfaithfulness- God will be proven unfaithful to OT promises if the Jewish people (all of them) are not saved.
BUT: the OT does not promise salvation for all Jewish people individually through all ages AND God keeps his promises to save AND TO JUDGE.
3. Objection of divine fairness- God will not judge a Jewish person because his sin does God a favor—it makes God look really good.
BUT: the phrase “but if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God” mean? It is showing how God HAS to judge the world! |
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| Be familiar with the various details of Romans 4. |
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| The chapter focuses on Abraham. The OT text is Gen 15:6. He refers to it “several times” |
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| In 6:6, what does the term old man refer to? |
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| -It is a statement reflecting our position in or relationship to Adam. |
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| Personal Pronouns in Rom 7 mean = |
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| (1)- It is “every man”. It is likely that Paul is simply discussing __(non-christian)?___ experience when people confront the Law in their fallen state. |
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| What is the primary point Paul is making in Romans 7? Verse? |
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-Primary point: We need to be transferred from the realm of Law to the realm of Grace in order not only to be _____ but also to be free from the tyranny of sin!
-As good as it is, the Law does not offer the power of assistance we need to __overcome__? The domination of sin.
-But GRACE offers that assistance, and under GRACE sin can now be…DEFEATED!
I believe it is verses 7:5-6 that forecast what he is speaking of in chapters 7-8 |
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| What does Paul mean by “death” in Rom 6:15-23? |
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1. “Moral frustration/corruption” death
1. Everybody, Christian or not gets this death
2. Proverbs 14:21
3. James 1:15
4. James 5:19-20 |
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| In Romans 2, what seems to be Paul’s main point? |
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POINT: Paul is emphasizing the fact that works determine one’s eternal destiny.
Paul is saying that truly moral or upright people, whether Jew or Gentiles or even Jewish people, though they may appear spiritually healthy, also need the Word of God in order to be right with God. |
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| When Paul refers, in Romans 5, to the corrupting effects of Adam upon all of humanity (however they are construed), what is his purpose for doing this? |
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- Paul’s purpose is that Adam introduced the [Spiritual state of] death to the human race, and as a result, everyone sins because of it.
- Paul’s purpose in doing this is to show the power of sin—that it exists and devastates even in the absence of Mosaic Law.
- Paul draws the parallel between Adam and Christ at the end of Romans 5 to show that although Adam had a profound affect on the race, Christ did as well. Therefore, we can have hope that Christ’s salvation is applied to potentially the whole race. Adam and his negative affects upon the race prefigure Christ and his positive affect. |
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| To what does the term “baptism” in 6:1-4 refer? |
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- it means “baptized with reference to Christ” especially his death
- this baptism is just normal water baptism because this is how the noun baptisma in 6:4 is always used for immersion in water.
- Baptism does not save a person. It functions as a conversion-initiation, in Luke 24 and Acts 3 the blessings of salvation are mentioned without baptism.
- Baptism is not the focus of chapter 6, the focus is Christ’s death. The significance of the baptism is that it is the aspect of our conversion that pictures best our union with Christ in His death. Thus in vv. 1-4 baptism is “shorthand” for conversion! In 6:10 the same phrase is used of Christ’s death for our sin. “Therefore we were united with Christ in His death for us at our baptism” |
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| - it denotes an act that secures the release of a person by paying a ransom; used especially for freeing from slavery by buying freedom, or for securing the release of a POW. |
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| - cognita (knowledge of facts), assensus (mental assent, believing the facts are true), fiducia (total trust and reliance on God for salvation) |
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| - the inability to do what God requires |
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| - a statement reflecting our position in or relationship to Adam. What is crucified is the whole of me before conversion. |
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