Term
| Describe the Roman Senate in the 2nd Century BC. |
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Definition
| The Senate was made of former magistrates who served for life unless they were kicked out. |
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Term
| What was the cursus honorum? |
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Definition
| The hierarchy of government – quaestorship < praetorship < consulship |
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Term
| Describe the investigation into the worshippers of Bacchus in 186 BC. |
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Definition
| The consul believed that worshippers of Bacchus were conspiring to overthrow the government. The senate banned worship of Bacchus, but he was still worshipped. |
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Term
| What were the economic effects of Rome’s wars abroad? |
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Definition
| Wars kept men away from their farms, so they hired slaves. The wealthy began buying the farms of the poor and creating plantations. |
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Term
| Describe Scipio Aemilianus, his rise to power, and his political views. |
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Definition
| He was the grandson of Scipio Africanus, conqueror of Hannibal. He ran for consulship while being too young, but he won anyway. He agreed with the Senate in that he was against the plebs. |
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Term
| Describe the agrarian law of Tiberius Gracchus. How did Tiberius prevent Octavius from vetoing his law? |
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Definition
| Tiberius proposed a bill that would limit the amount of land the wealthy could have. The senate wouldn’t cooperate so he took the bill directly to the people. He prevented Octavius from vetoing his bill by having Octavius illegally removed from his office as tribune. |
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Term
| How did Tiberius Gracchus die? |
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Definition
| He was lured from his house into a riot where he was killed by the senators who opposed him. His body was then thrown in the river. |
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Term
| What additional reforms beyond agrarian reform did Gaius Gracchus push for? |
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Definition
| He proposed Roman citizenship for Rome’s Italian allies. He also transferred power from the senate to the equites (knights). His program contained three main goals: Colonization and land distribution, grain subsidies to the urban plebs, & clothing for soldiers who could not meet the property requirements. |
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Term
| How did Opimius thwart Gaius? |
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Definition
| He got senatus consultum ultimum, making him a dictator. |
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Term
| What is a senatus consultum ultimum? |
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Definition
| The power to exercise martial law. |
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Term
| Who were the Optimates and Populares? |
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Definition
The Populares – Champions of the People.
The Optimates – Protectors of the Senate |
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Term
| Describe the role of the Pater Familias in the Roman family. |
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Definition
| He would have control not only over his wife and servants, but also children, even after they had reached adulthood. |
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Term
| Discuss the public profile of women in the Roman Republic. |
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Definition
| Women were often married sine manu, so they weren’t under the control of their husbands. They also dressed more ostentatiously and were involved in religious ceremonies. |
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Term
| How did Jugurtha provoke the Romans to war? |
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Definition
| He killed his brother and took over his territory and murdered the citizens, forcing the Roman senate to act. |
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Term
| How was Marius able to hold on to the Consulship for 5 consecutive years? |
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Definition
| Because of the war with the Germans. |
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Term
| Describe Marius’ reforms concerning the army. |
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Definition
| He enrolled men with no property into the army and made service mandatory. |
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Term
| Describe Saturninus’ proposals as Tribune of the Plebs in 100 BC. How did he die? |
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Definition
| He helped Marius continue his reforms. He was killed by a mob of people. |
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Term
| Describe Rome’s attitude towards its provinces. |
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Definition
| Each province was allowed to govern itself, though Rome sent governors to check on things. Many governors extorted their provinces for money, and Rome punished them but did not reimburse the provinces. |
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Term
| What was the underlying cause of the Social War? What was the result of the end of the war? |
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Definition
| The Italian allies wanted a greater say in Roman politics, but were denied. The allies lost the war but they did gain citizenship. |
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Term
| What caused the outbreak of open hostilities between Marius and Sulla? |
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Definition
| Mithridates killed 80,000 Roman citizens, so Sulla went to deal with him, but the Marius illegally appointed himself commander of the war, which pissed Sulla off. |
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Term
| Describe Sulla’s first march on Rome. |
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Definition
| Sulla brought Rome’s own army against her. Marius fled, so Sulla took control with an iron fist. |
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Term
| How did Marius regain control of Rome? |
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Definition
| Sulla’s replacement, Cinna, was driven into exile. With Sulla gone, Marius allied with Cinna and took control of Rome again. |
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Term
| Describe the circumstances surrounding Pompey’s First Triumph. |
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Definition
| Pompey, as Sulla’s right hand man, raised an army for Sulla. Sulla then forced the senate to allow Pompey to have his first triumph. |
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Term
| What were Sulla’s Proscription Lists? |
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Definition
| Forty senators and 1600 knights had a price put on their heads. |
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Term
| Describe Sulla’s reforms as Dictator. |
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Definition
| He doubled the size of the senate, prevented tribunes from holding any other office later in life, and established a 10 year limit before any man could hold the same office twice. |
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Term
| How did Sulla’s Dictatorship end? |
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Definition
| He resigned his dictatorship. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sertorius – exiled Roman who tried to become governor of Spain |
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Term
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Definition
| Spartacus – a Thracian gladiator who led a revolt in his training camp with an army of thousands of slaves |
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Term
| What was Gabinius’ proposal to eliminate piracy in the Mediterranean? |
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Definition
| He gave Pompey control over the entire navy for three years. |
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Term
| Who was Mithridates? How did he provoke the Romans to open war? |
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Definition
| Mithridates killed 80,000 Roman citizens which made Sulla & Marius fight over command of the war against him. |
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Term
| What misstep did Lucullus make in his campaign against Mithridates? |
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Definition
| He crossed into Armenia without support from the senate or his own army. |
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Term
| Discuss Pompey’s actions in the East. |
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Definition
| He annexed Syria and captured parts of Judaea. |
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Term
| How did Catiline’s conspiracy start? How did it end? |
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Definition
| In a bid for consul he lost to Cicero, so he gathered a bunch of criminals together to overthrow the government. When he found out about it, Cicero got senatus consultum ultimum from the senate. He delivered his First Catilinarian Oration, which made Catiline flee Rome. |
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Term
| How does Sallust describe Catiline? |
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Definition
| Evil, reckless, cunning, treacherous, covetous, violent, eloquent without discretion, disordered mind |
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Term
| According to Sallust when did Rome begin to become corrupted? Why? |
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Definition
| Rome became corrupt after the fall of Carthage because Sulla corrupted the army with luxury and caused discontent |
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Term
| How does Sallust describe Catiline’s followers? |
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Definition
| Young reprobates; the dregs of society. |
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Term
| How did news of Catiline’s plans first start to leak out? |
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Definition
| Q. Curius boasted about it to his girlfriend Fulvia, who leaked the information. |
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Term
| What did Cicero as consul do when he first learned of Catiline’s plans? |
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Definition
| He tried to stop it by making friends with Antonius. |
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Term
| How was Cicero able to get hard evidence and uncover the details of Lentulus’ plans? |
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Definition
| Lentulus tried to get support from the Allobroges, but they told Rome about his plans instead. |
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Term
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Definition
| He wanted the Allobroges to stir up war with Rome. |
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Term
| What two powerful men were accused of being involved in Catiline’s conspiracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two men made the main arguments in the debate on how to punish the Catilinarian conspirators arrested in Rome? What were their arguments? |
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Definition
| D. Silanus said that the conspirators should be put to death. Caesar thought they should be sent to different parts of Italy and be under house arrest for life. |
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Term
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Definition
| He died in a battle at Pistoria. |
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