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| Senate's choice to replace Commodus, but he didn't win the favor of the Praetorian Guard, because he didn't pay them enough. Laetus led the P.G. against him. |
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| Purchased the throne from the Praetorian Guard and was thereafter stoned by the plebs. |
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Took charge after the stoning of Didius Iulianus, by the united voice of the plebs. Was previously governor of Syria
Syrian legions backedhim, but the legions of the Danube and Britain backed others. Septimus (from the Danube) reached Rome first.
Niger was then murdered by a Praetorian, and Septimus Severus was victorious.
This only occurred after a war was settled against Niger, after which all cities loyal to Niger were punished and Syria was divided. |
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| Albinus was supported by the Britains in the same skirmish in which Niger was deposed. Eventually paid off by Severus, who promised him succession. However, running into SEverus at the Battle of Lgdunum, he was defeated and killed himself. |
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| Praetorian prefect who usurped the throne from Caracalla. He assassinated Caracalla while on the Parthian campaign, became the first equestrian emperor. The legions are not to fond of him because he settled with the Parthians by buying them off rather than by fighting. |
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Gained the throne in a peculiar way (see Pescennius Niger); adopted himself posthumously into the family of Marcus Aurelius.
Stripped the judicial power from the Senate, condemned 29 people forsupporting Albinus as the new Emperor
Gave the equites more power by appointing them to typically senatorial positions (i.e. governorships)
Raised the pay of the army and allowed them to marry
Army became a legislative body under his reign
They declared enemies, bestowed titles, and deified Commodus
Died while fighting the Britons, and his parting words to his two sons were "agree with each other, enricht he soldiers, and despise everyone else" |
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Wife of Septimus Severus; gave him two sons
Very bright, surrounded herself with literary/philosophical circles
Her sister was instrumental in MAcrinus' accession. |
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| Elder son of Septimus; His name became M. Aurelius Caesar after Septimus adopted himsef (posthumously) into M. Aurelius' family. He murders his brother Geta, but he follows his father's instructions by raising military pay again. |
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| Younger son of Septimus; killed by his older brother |
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| Sister of Iulia Domna, the woman who engineered Macrinus' overthrow; Her grandsons became the next two rulers, but their mothers are the ones actually ruling. |
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Took the throne after Macrinus; he was the priest of the Syrian sun god (sol invictus)
Erected a new temple and type of worship into Rome
New Eastern practices alienated the Senate and the army
During his adventures as priest, Julia Maesa ran the show and arranged the adoption of the next Emperor, SEverus Alexander, the son of Julia Mamaea |
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| Wife of Elagabalus, who was killed with him |
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Adopted by Elagabalus (really by Julia Maesa) and became the next emperor, though he really was just the face of the Empire; Julia Mamaea ruled instead.
He tried to restore at least the image of traditional Rome.
Added 16 Senators and elevated the Praetorian Prefect to the same status as a Senator. He and his mother were murdered by Maximinus while campaigning against the Germans. |
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| Mother of Severus Alexander, who rules in his place. |
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| Doubled the pay of soldiers |
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| Proconsuls in Africa, and Father and son. When Maximinus caused a revolt in Africa, they were made Emperors. |
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| Senate appointed then co-emperors, Praetorian’s assassinate them. |
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| Philip the Arab sent him to stop the revolt of the Danube legions, and upon doing so he led the Goths across the Danube. His troops proclaim him emperor, beats Philip and finally dies in a battle against the Goths. He is most famous for launching the first systematic persecution of the Christians. |
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| He was Decius’ Censor and the Senate liked him quite a little bit. He was involved in the conflict with the Persians and was himself captured by them. His son Gallienus made it so all legions were commanded by equestrians and made the military more mobile. |
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| he held most of Gaul and called it his “Gallic Empire.” Defeated by Aurelian |
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| widow of Palmyra's Odenathus, ruled Palmyra; defeated by Aurelian |
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Emperor from AD 270-275
Nicknamed "hands on steel"
He was a hardcore general who put down mutinies and defeated Zenobia and Postumus
Strong in autocracy and a monotheistic cult of Sol Invictus
Sunday was a feriae
He was murdered |
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A new way to govern, which strengthened imperial control of the army, forestalled would-be emperors and usurpers, and provided for orderly succession
Fourfold division: Two Augusti, (Diocletian and Maximian), and two Caesars, selected by the Augusti (Galerius and Constantius)
Each Caesar adopted as heir and married one of the Augusti's daughters. |
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| Augustus of Eastern Empire; Architect of the Tetrarchy, and senior Augustus. |
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| Augustus of the Western Empire |
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| Caesar appointed by Diocletian |
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| Caesar appointed by Maximian |
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| Augustus in the East at the time of Constantine |
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Son of Constantius, who died at York; there the army proclaimed Constantine to be Augustus
But in the conference at Carnuntum he was made Caesar; later became the Augustus in the West.
At the battle of Adrianople he became the sole Augustus.
Moved capital of Empire to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. |
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| One of Constantine's sons who received a slice of the Empire after his father's death |
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| One of Constantine's sons, who received a slice of the Empire at Constantine's death; defeated Constantine II and ruled the West |
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| AKA's "the Apostate," because he had been raised a Christian but became a pagan. |
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| Rome waged two wars against the Parthians |
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| The old city name for what became Constantinople |
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| Where Constantine counseled in 325 with all sects of Christianity and set fundamental, orthodox beliefs. |
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| Where Otho and his forces were defeated by Vitellius |
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| Where Anotnius Primus and the Danubian Legions defeated the Vitellians for Vespasian |
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| AD 197; Clodius Albinus was defeated at this place by Septumius Severus |
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| Where Constantine defeated his co-Augusti, L. Licinius, in AD 324 |
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| Where Constantine saw his vision of the cross and subsequently ordered all his troops to put the sign on their armor; they won the battle despite being outnumbered |
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