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Definition
282-272
Largest city in south, all of the cities around it are falling to Rome. Neighboring cities call for Rome’s help, they go against their treaty and enter the Gulf, which the treaty with Tarentum forbids. Tarentum is nervous and attacks. Rome sends an embassy, who is almost killed Starts a war. Tarentum are traders, not fighters, hire Pyrrhus to come over and fight the Romans. Eventually, after a few battles, lose and Rome takes the city, selling the population into slavery and become masters of Italy. |
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Definition
280-272
King of Epirus, 2nd Cousin to Alexander the great, wins a couple battles in Macedonia area, but really wants Italy. Crosses Adriatic with 25,000 men, claiming to free Greek city-states from Rome. Brings War elephants, which the Roman’s have never seen. Rome calls up all their men and Allies. Two major battles:
1. 280-Heraclea- Pyrrhus wins, but has major losses. Pyrrhic Victory-Losses so great with a win, it can almost be considered a loss. He cant resupply so he marches north.
2. 279-Aucstum- Pyrrhus has a Pyrrhic Victory again.
Syracuse (Who is located in Sicily, what Pyrrhus really wants) offers kingship for help. Pyrrhus marches to Lilybecom (Carthage) and loses. Returns to Italy, where the Romans beat him and send him back to Greece. Supposedly gets killed by an old lady throwing a roof tile on him. |
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Term
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Definition
509-287
494
449
444
367
Struggle between the Plebs and the patricians. Never evolved into a violent civil war. Two main themes, Land/Debt and Politcal office. Changes occur with two specific events.
1. Plebeians tired of being mistreated, go on strike, leaving the city and refusing to serve in the military.
a. Tribunes of the Plebs is created, which oversees the Concilium Plebs.
b. Aediles created- supply public games and such for them
c. Finally have power, not a lot, problem still exists.
2. 2nd succession., do the same thing
a. Valerian-Hortentian Laws created.
b. Tribunes of Pebs made officers of State
c. Concilium Plebis laws created apply to state, become comitia Tributa(Still need Senate Approval)
3. Patricians still didn’t want Consul opened up to plebs, created Military Tribunes(also nice because they help military imperium, and could be used to fit wars) Abolished in 367
4. Licinio-Sextian laws passed
a. Tribunes of Plebs used to keep patricians in check (Veto)
b. Debt refinancing
c. Gives chance that 1 pleb can hold consul
d. Put on limit on public land usage. |
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Term
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Definition
450
451
Consuls are abolished for this year, 10 men are drawn to create laws. Most likely all patrician, but not 100% sure. Had a power to make decisions that could not be appealed. Concepts was loved and they refused to show new laws unless brought back for a second year (created 10 laws first year)
Next year, made two more laws, however, the decemvirs are less liked this time around. Appus Cloudius forces a pleb that he fell in love with into slavery so he can buy and marry her. The girl’s father, who can’t object the ruling, kills the girl so she remains clean. Leads to second succession of the plebs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laws created by the decemvirs |
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Definition
449
Valerian-Hortentian Laws created.
a. Tribunes of Pebs made officers of State
b. Concilium Plebis laws created apply to state, become comitia Tributa(Still need Senate Approval) |
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Term
| Military Tribunes with Consular Power |
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Definition
444-367
Patricians still didn’t want Consul opened up to plebs, created Military Tribunes (also nice because they help military imperium, and could be used to fit wars). Not really sure why created, most likely so that more wars could be fought and to have more generals. |
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Definition
367
1. Tribunes of Plebs used to keep patricians in check (Veto)
2. Debt refinancing
3. Gives chance that 1 pleb can hold consul
4. Put on limit on public land usage. |
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Definition
| Public Land used to raise crops/graze animals. Patricains held onto and charged people to use; no one stopped them until after the Struggle of the Orders. |
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Definition
Approximately 30 cities, considered the largest at the time, after Tarquinis is expelled, gets them to fight against Rome with him. They Lose. Rome takes them in as allies under
1. Perpetual Peace
2. Defensive Alliance
3. Sjared Expeditions(Loot Shared)
4. Rights granted
a. Commericum- Business with Rome
b. Conubium-Marry a Roman.
Shows Rome was considered as powerful as all the Latin cities combined. |
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Term
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Definition
496-396
406-396
Expansion from taking over Latin League causes ~ 100 year war with Veii (Southern most and most powerful), which is just as large, but richer. Has control over grain and salt.
3rd and final war
1. Veii under siege for 10 years
2. Roman Farms suffer(soldiers are also farmers)
3. Rome declares Comilous Dictator
a. Calls out patron goddess of Veii to come to Rome
b. Juno Temple Built
4. Rome Wins
5. Doubles size and Resources, also first battle soldiers are paid. |
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Term
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Definition
400
July 18th, 390
347-343
329
Invade Etruscans shortly after fall of Veii, push them out and move into Peninsula Italy.
Gauls make to and take city, Rome pays them off in order for them to leave
Damage is exaggerated in stories (No Archaeological evidence.)
Gauls attack again, dictator elected and saves Rome.
Truce struck with Gauls
Gauls are the personified of Roman other(Barbarians) |
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Definition
343-341
327-304
321
298-291
Live in Apennine Ridge (Hill People). First born sent out to colonize new areas. Rome expanding south, collide
3 Wars
1. Minor, not a lot happen and no changes
2. Rom aggressor, mostly fought in Capium
a. Rome Suffers major defeat at Caudine Forks
i. Caught in mountain pass, forced to crawl through tunnel of spears for humiliation.
b. Rome Recovers and a treaty is struck so Rome can fight other wars, no real change occurred
3. Rome Aggressors. Samnites try to unite with others (Gauls and Etruscans).
a. Rome wins largest battle ever fought to date in 295
b. General said to give his soul to the underworld and leads a charge.
c. Rome Wins and takes control of central Italy.
Samnite territory causes Rome to change into the Manipular Formation |
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