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Roman Architecture Exam 1
N/A
93
Architecture
Undergraduate 2
10/15/2013

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Portonaccio Temple, Veii

Definition

an archaeological site located next to the west side of the plateau on which the ancient Etruscan city of Veio, north of Rome, Italy, was located.

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Term

1.     Apollo from Veii

Definition

over-life-size painted terracotta Etruscan statue of Apollo

decorated the roof beams of the Temple of Veio in Portonaccio, a sanctuary dedicated to Minerva

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Term

 Tombs, Cerveteri

Definition

most famous attraction of Cerveteri is the Necropoli della Banditaccia


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Term

1.     Tombs, Tarquinia

Definition

also known as Monterozzi, contains 6,000 graves cut in the rock. It is famous for its 200 painted tombs, the earliest of which date from the 7th century BC.

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Term
Walls of Romulus
Definition

wall built to protect the Palatine Hill, the center-most of the Seven Hills of Rome, in one of the oldest parts of the city of Rome. Ancient tradition holds that this wall was built by Romulus.

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Term
Portonaccio Temple, Veii
Definition

around 510 BC; Frontal columns, high podium; characteristics that went on to become associated with roman temple architecture


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Term
lupercal
Definition
A fertility festival in ancient Rome, celebrated on February 15 in honor of the pastoral god Lupercus
Term
cloaca Maxima
Definition

The greatest sewer main sewer of Rome, created by Tarquinius Superbus.

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Term
Temple of Mater Matuta
Definition

local goddess. At S. Omobono temples. Early 4th c. BCE - typical Etruscan/roman plan tripartide and columns in antis - these two (it is next to Temple of Fortuna) are very close together w/ narrow space in between.


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Term
Temple of Fortuna
Definition

Rpublican temple that combines Etruscan plans and Greek elevations. Has Ionic order but has a staricase and freestanding columns only at the front.


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Term
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
Definition
(“Capitoline Temple”)
509 BCE
was the most important temple in Ancient Rome, located on the Capitoline Hill. It was surrounded by the Area Capitolina, a precinct where certain assemblies met, and numerous shrines, altars, statues, and victory trophies were displayed.
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Term
Sanctuary of Fortuna at Praeneste
Definition
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Term
Sanctuary of Jupiter Anxur, Terracina
Definition
Term

House on slopes of

Palatine Hill
Definition

During the ancient Republican era many temples and houses of leading citizens were built on the Palatine, and during the Roman Empire it became the city’s aristocratic quarter.

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Term
Doric Order
Definition
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Term
Ionic order
Definition
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Term
corinthain order
Definition
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Term
Tuscan Order
Definition
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Term
Lapis Niger
Definition

overlie an ancient tomb or altar and a stone block with one of the earliest known Latin inscriptions (ca. 570–550 BC). The superstructure monument and shrine may have been built by Julius Caesar during his reorganization of the Forum and Comitium space

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Term
Servian Wall
Definition

defensive barrier constructed around the city of Rome in the early 4th century BC. The wall was up to 10 metres (32.8 ft) in height in places, 3.6 metres (12 ft) wide at its base, 11 km (7 mi) long,[1] and is believed to have had 16 main gates, though many of these are mentioned only from writings, with no other known remains.

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Term
Sanctuary of Jupiter Anxur, Terracina
Definition
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Term
Sanctuary of Hercules Victor
Definition

a monopteros, a round temple of Greek 'peripteral' design completely encircled by a colonnade. This layout caused it to be mistaken for a temple of Vesta until it was correctly identified by Napoleon's Prefect of Rome, Camille de Tournon.


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Term
Porticus Aemeila
Definition

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Closely linked to the late 3rd c. BC river port built south of the Aventino hill, the Porticus Aemilia was a vast complex of warehouses situated in the area behind the Emporium or a market for wares.

Term
Temples in the Forum Holitorium
Definition

"Vegetable-sellers' market") was the site of a commercial marketplace (macellum)[1] for vegetables, herbs and oil in ancient Rome. It was "oddly located" outside the Porta Carmentalis in the Campus Martius, crowded between the Forum Boarium ("Cattle Market") and buildings location in the Circus Flaminius

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Term
Porticus Metelli
Definition
Term
Temples of Juno Regina and Jupiter Stator
Definition

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Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus built the Temples of Jupiter Stator and of Juno Regina, enclosing them with a portico (Porticus Metelli): Juno's temple was to the north, Jupiter's to the south. After 14 B.C., Augustus rebuilt the portico and renamed it the Porticus Octaviae. The temples are famous for the many important works of art that they contained; Jupiter's is also noteworthy because it was the first temple built of marble in Rome.

Term

      Round Temple on the Tiber

Definition

round temple in the Forum Boarium is sometimes erroneously called the “Temple of Vesta.” Its identification is unknown but the probability favors a dedication to Hercules, who had three temples in this area of the city. The building is the oldest preserved in the city built of marble, dating to the second century B.C. It was restored under Tiberius. It still exists because it was converted into the church of S. Stefano in the middle ages.

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Term
Largo Argentina
Definition

a square in Rome, Italy, that hosts four Republican Roman temples, and the remains of Pompey's Theatre. It is located in the ancient Campus Martius.

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Term
Temple B Largo Argentina
Definition

a circular temple (tholus) with six columns remaining, was built by Quintus Lutatius Catulus in 101 BC in fulfillment of his vow at the Battle of Vercellae. The temple (aedes) was devoted to Fortuna Huiusce Diei, "the Fortune of This Day." The colossal statue found during excavations and now kept in the Capitoline Museums was the statue of the goddess herself. Only the head, the arms, and the legs were of marble: the other parts, covered by the dress, were of other materials, probably a wooden frame. This is known as an 'acrolithic' statue

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Term
Republican fornices
Definition
Term
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Definition

The Temple of Venus Genetrix is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the goddess of motherhood and domesticity. It was dedicated to the goddess in 46 BC by Julius Caesar.

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Term
Forum of Augustus
Definition

built to both house a temple honoring Mars, and to provide another space for legal proceedings, as the Roman Forum was very crowded.[4] Before battle, military generals set off from the Temple of Mars, after attending a commencement ceremony. Other ceremonies took place in the temple including the assumption of the toga virilis by young men. The Senate met at the Temple when discussing war and the victorious generals dedicated their spoils from their triumphs to Mars at the altar. Arms and other stolen goods from the enemy, or booty, recovered from battle were often stored in the Forum as well.


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Term
Circus Maximus
Definition

ancient Roman chariot racing stadium and mass entertainment venue

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Term
Amphitheater of Statilius Taurus
Definition

built in 29 BCE. Earlier arenas were temporary structures that were disassembled after the event. The amphitheatre was built by Titus Statilius Taurus, who paid for it from his own resources. Statilius Taurus was a successful general and politician in the time of emperor Augustus and had gathered much wealth during his career. For the inauguration he also paid for the gladiatorial games.

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Term
Amphitheater, Pompeii
Definition

Built around 70 BC, the current amphitheatre was the first Roman amphitheatre to be built out of stone, previously, they had been built out of wood. The next Roman amphitheatre to be built from stone would be the Colosseum in Rome, which postdates it by over a century.

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Term
Temple of Saturn
Definition

501 - 497 BCE

Rebuilt later by SPQR

After expulsion of Etruscan King, Romans build temple to very old latin god (saturn) - very fun, Saturnalia includes reverse codes of conduct.[image]

Term
Temple of Castor and Pollux
Definition

Vowed 496 BCE during Battle of Lake Regillus by Aulus Postumius - first temple with foreign diety inside pomerium. first temple associated with healing - very etruscan in design with frontal staircase and frontal columns. Decorated in terracotta - many venues held under temple (measures and weights, bank, dentistry)

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Term
Temple of Janus
Definition

260 BCE - dedicated by Dulius during battle of Mylae

Ionic Order

Greek proportions

Pepperino tufa and concrete

columns had stucco added to create fluting because tufa was too soft to carve proper flutes

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Term
Temple of Juno Spospeta
Definition
194 BCE - Dedicated by Cornelius Cethegus in Gaul
Term
Temple of Spes
Definition

258 BCE Dedicated by Atlilus Calatinus in Sicily

Tuscan Order

Travertine (limestone)

Term
Porticus Metelli
Definition

146 BCE dedicated by Caecillius Metellus in Macedon in 146 BCE

Encloses the temple of Juno Regina and Jupiter Stator

Menubial building

you can see straight through the temple and see the idols placed inside the portico

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Term
Temple of Jupiter Stator
Definition

146 - 131 BCE

Vowed and built by Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus

Architect:Hermodorus of Salamis

Hexastyle(6 columns in the front)

ionic order

peripteral

low podium

would have looked very greek

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Term
Temple of Portunus
Definition

80 - 70 bce

Anio Tufa (special tufa)

ionic order

pseudo Peripheral (a lot of the columns are engaged)

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Term
Temple of Hercules, Cori
Definition

Ca. 100 BCE

Doric Columns

Looks more ionic to contemporary veiwers but they are doric

bottom 3rd of colmuns are left unfluted

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Term
Vitruvius: Temple of Diana at Nemi
Definition

(Latin League Sanctuary)

 

Term
Piers
Definition
Legs of arch
Term
Porta Triumphalis
Definition

A gate, not strictly for triumphs

it no longer exists but the depictions remain in art and literature

Term
Forum Romanum
Definition

4c BCE

long rectangular shape

Lined with large private houses

Doors of houses always open

Functions: Economic, political, and spectacles

Term
Curia
Definition
Senate House
Term
Tullius Hostillius
Definition

7c BCE

Curia built arond cardinal compass points

Term

Cornelius Sulla

 

Definition

80 BCE

Doubled size of senate and expanded Curia by taking up comitium which was public forum space.

Term
Rostrum
Definition
Speakers platform
Term
Basilica
Definition

Include Naves, side aisles and tribunal

means kingly in greek

Term
Basilica Aemilla
Definition

179 BCE (m. Fub)

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Term
Basilica Sempronia
Definition

169 BCE

Ti. Sempronius Gracchus

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Term
Basillica Julia
Definition

Late 1c BCE

Basilicas would inspire the form of churches - since romans built them all over the known world.

Term
Forum Lulium
Definition

(C. Julius Caesar)

Caesar gains power as voting system breaks down

thinks the forum is becoming too crowded so he invents a new one

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Term
Temple of Venus Genetrix
Definition

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Located in Caesars forum, godess of fertility

In order to build the forum the way he wants, Caesar rearranges the way a forum is set up.

Term
Gladiators
Definition

Origin: Campania / Samnium

Introduced to Rome in 264 BCE

Term
Venationes
Definition
Contests between beasts or between men and beasts were staged in an amphitheatre
Term
Cavea
Definition

subterranean cells in which wild animals were confined before the combats in the Roman arena or amphitheatre.


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Term
scaenae frons
Definition

elaborately decorated background of a Roman theatre stage. This area usually has several entrances to the stage including a grand central entrance.

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Term
Theater of Pompey
Definition

55 BCE

Very popular theater, perminate, Caesar was killed here

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Term
Tomb of the Scipios
Definition

Remodeled 140 - 130 BCE

the common tomb of the patrician Scipio family during the Roman Republic for interments between the early 3rd century BC and the early 1st century AD.

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Term

Tomb of Philip, Vergina

 

Definition
4c BCE
Term
Tomb of Caecilia Metella
Definition

Daughter of Council member, mother of Marcus Crassus (General involved in turning Roman Republic to Roman empire)

she lived and died in obscurity apart from her famous son and the magnificent tomb which her husband erected in her memory.

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Term
Tomb of C. Cestius
Definition

20 BCE

near the Porta San Paolo and the Protestant Cemetery.

Due to its incorporation into the city's fortifications, it is today one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome.

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Term
Tomb of M. Eurysaces
Definition

30 BCE

Commemorating the source of the freedmans weath as a Baker

Profession was his pride, unusual for this time

can date tomb based on hair and toga styles

plebian style structure

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Term

Octavian / Augustus

 

Definition

63 BCE - 14 CE

Portaits of the time often showed men as very old and wise, where as Augustus' portait reflects greek classical sculpture, showing him as being young and very Doryphoros looking

Term
Mausoleum of Augustus
Definition

28-23 BCE

Campus Martius

Following Augustsus' Triumph

onsisting of several concentric rings of earth and brick, planted with cypresses on top of the building and capped with a statue of Augustus

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Term
Ara Pacis Augustae
Definition

"Altar of Augustan Peace"

o honour the return of Augustus to Rome after his three years in Hispania and Gaul

The altar was meant to be a vision of the Roman civil religion. It is made up of a small functional altar at its centre, and four surrounding walls; externally, two-tier friezes run along the walls and portray the peace and fertile prosperity enjoyed as a result of the peace brought to Rome by Augustus' military supremacy

Diverse carvings showing classical proportions

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Term
Horologium
Definition

A Calender? A sun dial?

looks like a Gnomon

Obelisk granite egypt

located in campus marcus by Augustus

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Term
Saepta Julia
Definition

26 BCE

Diribiorium

Hall of voting for plebs

conceived by Julius Caesar and dedicated by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Augustus would later use it for gladiator fights

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Term
Temple of Apollo Palatinus
Definition

The offical god of Augustus

28 BCE

vowed by augustus after deveat Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium 31 BC, built at sight of lightning strike

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Term
Temple of Divus Julius
Definition

29 BCE

by Augustus in 42 BC after the senate deified Julius Caesar posthumously. Augustus dedicated the prostyle temple (it is still unknown if it was Ionic, Corinthian or Composite) to Caesar (his adoptive father) on August 18, 29 BC, after the Battle of Actium. It stands on the east side of the main square of the Roman Forum (Forum), between the Regia, Temple of Castor and Pollux and the Basilica Aemilia

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Term
Parthian Arch of Augustus
Definition

19 BCE

Fasti Triumphales: List of triumphs from 752 BCE (Romulus) to 19 BCE (Balbus)

Fasti Consulares: List of Consuls to 13 CE (Augustus)

Little remains

Term
Fasti Triumphales
Definition

·      list of triumphs from 752 BCE (Romulus) to 19 BCE (Balbus)

 

Established by Augustus

Term
Fasti Consulares
Definition

·      list of consuls to 13 CE (Augustus)

·      Augustus likes to put himself at the end of the time line

Term

Forum of Augustus

Definition

one of the Imperial forums of Rome, Italy, built by Augustus. It includes the Temple of Mars Ultor.

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Term
Temple of Mars Ultor
Definition

25-22 BCE

the main axis of the Forum of Augustus. It was built for two reasons: to fulfill a vow made by Augustus before the Battle of Philippi in 42 B.C.; and to celebrate the return, in 19 B.C.

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Term
Spolia Opima
Definition
Greatest symbol of honor awarded when you defeat an enemy general in hand to hand combat
Term
Theater of Marcellus
Definition

One of the last built by Augustus

one of romes most important theaters

held slightly over 20,000 people

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Term

Temple of Apollo Socianus

 

Definition

Augustus used its construction to visually block other works

 

Term
Porta Maggiore
Definition

Aqua Claudia

aqua anio novus

reustication

arches over a road

gets added into the circuit of walls

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Term
Domus Aurea
Definition

Golden House

64-68 CE

Severus and Celer

large landscaped portico villa built by the Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome, after the great fire in 64 AD had cleared away the aristocratic dwellings on the slopes of the Palatine Hill

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Term
Octagonal Room
Definition

Oculus

Groin vaults

fourth style wall painting (after 50 CE)

in Neros golden house

Term
Arch of Nero, Capitoline
Definition

62 CE

probably only coins remain

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