Term
Vitruvian Points vital to Renaissance Architecture |
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Definition
1. Buildings have three qualities:
firmitas (solidity)
utilitas (usefulness)
venustas (beauty)
2. Architecture is an imitation of nature and the human bod is a part of nature, so therefore architecture should have a direct proportionality with the human bod
3. Symmetry (also derived from the human bod)
4. Three classical orders: Doric, Ionic Corinthian (respectively) |
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Term
Things Leon Battista Alberti did: |
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Definition
1. Wrote De Pictura (1435) i.e. invented the constructed perspective
2. Wrote de Re Aedificatoria (Ten books of Architecture, written 1452 but published 130 yrs later)
3. Worked Mainly in Rimini
4. Did facades of Palazzo Rucellai and Santa Maria Novella in Florence |
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Term
Why did Noble Palaces develop later in Rome than did those in Tuscany? |
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Definition
'Cause Romans was crazy and all killinz eachuvahs and all sorts of bullsk.
(the social and economic turmoil in Rome made it unsafe and fiscally impossible for palazzi to be built). |
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Term
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Definition
Palazzo Venezia
1455
architect unknown
built by Cardinal Pietro Barbo of Venice
THE FIRST RENAISSANCE PALACE IN ROME
Despite being very medieval, its regular windows make it Renaissance
Inside courtyard has a double-height portico
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Term
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Definition
Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
1466
Cardinal Marco Barbo (nephew of Paul II)
built on top of the Forum of Augustus |
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Term
Sixtus IV's new Laws and their ramifications: |
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Definition
- Re-established the city planning office
- permitted larger landowners to expropriate adjacent properties to expand their own
- permitted cardinals to will their properties to their relatives
as a result, palace construction took place at a v. large scale. |
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Term
Sixtus IV's family buildings |
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Definition
- Palazzo della Rovere (near vatican)
- Palazzo Riario (now part of palazzo Corsini)
- another Palazzo Riario (near piazza Navona)
- Palazzo della Cancelleria
- Palazzo dei Santi Apostoli
possible architecting done by Andrea Bregno and Giuliano da Sangallo
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Term
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Definition
Sixtus IV's nephew
employed Bramante to rebuild St. Peter's and a massive new wing of the Vatican Palace
as well as the unbuilt Palazzo dei Tribunali on via Giulia (the one that looks like a sofa these days) |
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Term
Works of Donato Bramante (1444-1514) |
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Definition
- Palazzo Caprini, 1501 (later Michaelangelo's home, raised by il duce)
- Tempietto at S. Pietro in Montorio, 1502
- First plan for S. Pietro (the vatican one), 1503
- Cloister of S. Maria Della Pace (the redone later one), 1504
- Cortile de Belvedere in the Vatican Palace, 1506 |
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Term
Bramante was influenced by: |
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Definition
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Term
Baldassare Peruzzi (1481-1537) |
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Definition
- Designed Piazza Farnese (originally for the Chigi's) 1506-1510
- Worked under Bramante, Raphael, and Sangallo on St. Peter's (1520-1527)
- Palazzo Massimo alle Collone, 1532-1536 |
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Term
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Definition
- The papal Villa
- Built by Innocent VIII in 1484 |
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Term
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Definition
Villa Madama
1518
by Raphael and Sangallo
one of the most important renaissance villas
built for Clement VII de' Medici |
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Term
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Definition
Villa Farnesia (1506-1510)
Peruzzi
gots all sorts of frescos up inits |
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Term
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Definition
1520
Giuliano Romano (a pupil of Raphael)
on the Janiculan |
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Term
Villa Architecture's purpose and how that's achieved |
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Definition
- summer retreats to avoid mal aria (bad air)
- places for pleasure
- the word villa means the both the building and the surrounding park
- interiors include frescoes with classical, non-christian themes to emphasize the idea of pleasure
- loggias used as interpretive, interstitial spaces between the indoors and outdoors.
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Term
Palaces of Antonio da Sangallo the younger (1484-1456)
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Definition
- big follower of Bramante
-built:
- Palazzo Farnese 1514
- Palazzo Baldassini 1516
- Villa Madama 1518
also built:
- porta S. Spirito (at the Vatican)
- Sangallo Bastons (of the city walls)
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Term
Churches of Antonio da Sangallo the younger (1484-1456)
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Definition
- S. Maria di Loreto, 1507
- New plan for St. Peter's, 1520
- S. Spirito in Sassia, 1538 |
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Term
Renaissance Style
(1400s-1500s) |
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Definition
- vitruvian propotions
- classical ideals
- bright + even colors
- tendency to idealize |
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Term
Mannerist Style
(1500s becoming dominant after 1550) |
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Definition
- acid pastel colors
- distorted, impure forms
- virtuouso effects that surprise the viewer
i.e. groteschi |
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Term
Baroque Style
(late 1500's - 1600s) |
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Definition
- expressive gestures
- emphasis on rhetoric
- chiaroscuro
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Term
three streams of Baroque Style |
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Definition
- Bolognese school
- combine renaissance coloring and rhetorical gesture
- Bernini Stream
- union of all the arts
- Boromini Stream
- experimental and playful
- classical forms with a twist
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Term
Social Circumstances that lead to Mannerist Buildings |
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Definition
1527 Sack of Rome
destroys buildings
makes room for new construction |
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Term
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Definition
- Villa Giulia, 1551-1553 by Jacopo Barozzi for Julius III
- Villa Medici, 1576 by Annibale Lippi and Ammante |
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Term
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Definition
- Palazzo Spada, 1540 (stucco decorations 1550)
trompe-l'oleil perspective hall by Borromini
- Palazzo Zuccari, 1590 at top of spanish steps |
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Term
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Definition
demonstrated how families dominated their urban settings
- Palaces had to command their own piazze
- lack of shops on ground floor indicate builders' wealth
- sought to dominate sight lines
- by 1600's, palaces comprised of palace, servants' quarters, piazza, family church, fountains, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
- attendant's room
- first antecamera
- second antecamera
- audience room
- camera
- retrocamera
- chapel
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Term
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Definition
Palazzo Borghese
1608-23
Flaminio Ponzio
- harpsichord shape
- semi-private piazza
- summer dining room on top of palazzo |
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Term
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Definition
Palazzo Barberini
1625-33
Carlo Maderno (croked),
completed by team of Bernini and Maderno's assistant, Borromini
- Not built around a courtyard
- Semi-rural consequently functioning as a semi-villa
- Note the forced perspectives in the facade and the helicoidal staircase by Borromini |
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