Term
| Igneous Rocks (Definition) |
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Definition
| Rocks that cool and crystallize from magma (melted rock), they are classified by their texture (or crystal size), and composition (which is estimated by their color). |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks (Definition) |
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Definition
| Rocks that form at or near the surface when pre-existing rocks are weathered to sediment, transported, deposited and then lithified (turned to rock). The texture depends on whether the rock was weathered physically or chemically. Rocks with a clastic texture are divided by grain-size. Rocks with chemical texture are divided by composition. |
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Term
| Metamorphic Rocks (Definition) |
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Definition
| Rocks that are pre-existing and are changed by an increase in temperature (which recrystallizes the rock to give a non-foliated texture) and/or pressure (which squishes rock to give a layered or foliated texture). |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Compositions: Felsic |
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Definition
| Rich in k-spar & quartz (light in weight/color) |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Compositions: Intermediate |
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Definition
| Rich in plagioclase, amphibole, and quartz |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Compositions: Mafic |
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Definition
| Rich in plagioclase & amphibole (dark colored/heavy) |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Compositions: Ultra-mafic |
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Definition
| Rich in Olivine (green/heavy) |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Textures: Intrusive (Phaneritic) |
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Definition
| Crystallizes below ground, resulting in LARGE interlocking crystals |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Textures: Extrusive (Aphanitic) |
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Definition
| Crystalizes above ground, fine grained microscopic crystals |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Textures: Extrusive (Vesicular) |
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Definition
| Formed as gas escapes the lava, giving it a hole filled texture |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Textures: Extrusive (Glassy) |
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Definition
| Crystallized so fast it looks like glass |
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Term
| Igneous Rocks Textures: Intrusive -> Extrusive (Porphyritic) |
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Definition
| Begins to crystallize below ground, and then is extruded giving a variety of crystal sizes |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Weathering |
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Definition
| Can be physical or chemical; breaks up or dissolves rock to form sediment |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Transportation (Angular) |
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Definition
| Carried by wind, water, or ice... Angular sediment grains indicate short transport distance |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Transportation (Rounded) |
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Definition
| Carried by wind, water, or ice... Rounded sediment grains indicate long transport distance |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Deposition |
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Definition
| Sediment put down by transporting agent when energy required to carry it is not available |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Lithification |
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Definition
| Compaction and/or cementation change sediment into sedimentary rock |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Textures (Clastic) |
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Definition
| Clastic is a texture formed of broken fragments due to physical weathering stuck together |
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Term
| Sedimentary Rocks: Textures (Chemical) |
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Definition
| Precipitiate or evaporate from water |
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Term
| Metamorphic Rocks: Textures (Foliated) |
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Definition
| Foliated means layered, the layering occurs because rocks get squished in a preferential direction. Foliated rocks are defined by the degree of foliation (more pressure = a higher degree of foliation) |
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Term
| Metamorphic Rocks: Textures (Non-Foliated) |
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Definition
| A non-foliated metamorphic rock is not layered and is defined by its composition only. |
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Term
| Metamorphic Rocks: Compositions |
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Definition
| Determined by the composition of the parent rock (pre-existing rock) as well as the fluids present at the time of metamorphism. The only two non-foliated rocks we will study are smooth Quartzite (from Sandstone) and coarse Marble (from Limestone). |
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Term
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Definition
| Igneous Rock (weathered, eroded, and exposed) turns into Sediment which is then deposed, compacted, and lithified into Sedimentary rock. Those rocks fall under temperature and pressure underground to form Metamorphic rock. When Metamorphic rock is melted into magma and then begins to cool again the cycle starts over with Igneous. The cycle can start anywhere and go in any order. |
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Term
| Metamorphic Foliated Rock Names In Order |
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Definition
1.) Slate (less foliated)
2.) Phylite
3.) Schist
4.) Gneiss (more foliated) |
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Term
| Metamorphic Non-Foliated Rock Names |
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Definition
SiO2 - Parent Rock: Sandstone = Quartzite
CaCO3 - Parent Rock: Limestone = Marble |
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Term
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Definition
Contact = Small scale intrusions
Regional = Large scale mountain building |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Desert |
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Definition
| Caliche (chemical texture, powdery and sand colored) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Alluvial Fan |
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Definition
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Mountain Stream |
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Definition
Conglomerate (large clastic rock with rounded inclusions)
Breccia & Conglomerate only two with inclusions |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Lake, Floodplain, and Mud Flats |
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Definition
| Shale (clastic and dark with clay-like qualities) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Caves |
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Definition
| Travertine (banded look, reacts with acid, chemical) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Dry Lake |
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Definition
| Rock Salt (clear and salty of chemical texture) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Beach Sands |
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Definition
| Sandstone (sandy texture, light in color, clastic) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Offshore Coral Reef |
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Definition
| Coquina (like limestone, all shells, reacts with acid, chemical) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Deep Ocean Basin |
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Definition
| Chert (breaks sharp, greyish color, hard) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Mountain Gravel Slope |
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Definition
Breccia (angular intrusions, clastic, similar to conglomerate but with angular inclusions)
Breccia & Conglomerate only two with inclusions |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Desert |
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Definition
| Caliche (chemical texture, powdery and sand colored) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Alluvial Fan |
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Definition
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Mountain Stream |
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Definition
Conglomerate (large clastic rock with rounded inclusions)
Breccia & Conglomerate only two with inclusions |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Lake, Floodplain, and Mud Flats |
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Definition
| Shale (clastic and dark with clay-like qualities) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Caves |
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Definition
Travertine (banded look, reacts with acid, chemical)
Similar to Gneiss in banded look |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Dry Lake |
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Definition
| Rock Salt (clear and salty of chemical texture) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Beach Sands |
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Definition
| Sandstone (sandy texture, light in color, clastic) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Offshore Coral Reef |
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Definition
| Coquina (like limestone, all shells, reacts with acid, chemical) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Deep Ocean Basin |
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Definition
| Chert (breaks sharp, greyish color, hard) |
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Term
| Sedimentary Environments: Mountain Gravel Slope |
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Definition
Breccia (angular intrusions, clastic, similar to conglomerate but with angular inclusions)
Breccia & Conglomerate only two with inclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| charcoal in color, foliated, and flat like Slate |
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Term
| What do Limestone, Rock Gypsum, Rock Salt, and Chert have in common? |
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Definition
| They are all of chemical composition and thus react to acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Light colored and rich in K-Spar / Quartz |
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Term
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Definition
| Dark colored and rich in Plagioclase and Amphibole |
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Term
| Quartzite - Characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Black and ROUND like a pebble |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rock Gypsum - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Not acidic and finger nail soft |
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Term
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Definition
| Can't scratch glass but IS ACIDIC because it's parent rock is Limestone |
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Term
| Breccia, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Arkose, and Shale are.... |
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Definition
| The Clastic Rocks of the Sedimentary category |
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