Scoria

Igneous #1

 Dominant Mineral: Mafic

Description: Dark-colored volcanic rock, cooled rapidly at the surface, and exhibits a vesicular texture (voids left by gas bubbles).

Granite

Igneous #2

Dominant Minerals: quartz- felsic- potassium feldspar

Description: Cooled at depth (intrusive), exhibits a coarse-grained texture, and mostly contains light-colored minerals.

Diorite

Igneous #3

Dominant Mineral: Plagioclase feldspar-Amphibole

Definition: Cooled at depth (intrusive), exhibits a coarse-grained texture, and contains a mixture of light- and dark-colored minerals.

Pumice

Igneous #4

Dominant Mineral: Quartz-potassium feldspar

Description: Light-colored frothy glass (amorphous solid), cooled rapidly at the surface, and exhibits a vesicular texture (voids left by gas bubbles).

Obsidian

Igneous #5

Dominant Minderals: pyroxene- olivine

Description: Dark-colored compact glass (amorphous solid), cooled rapidly at the surface, and exhibits a glassy texture.

Periodotite

Igneous #6

Dominant Minerals: pyroxene- olivine

Description: Cooled at depth (intrusive), exhibits a coarse-grained texture, and mostly contains the mineral olivine.

Tuff

Igneous #7

Dominant Mineral: quartz- potassium feldspar

Description: Light-colored volcanic rock, composed of pyroclastic materials, and exhibits a pyroclastic or fragmental texture.

Porphyritic Andesite

Igneous #9

Dominant Minerals: amphibole-plagiclase feldspar

Definition: Cooled in two stages (large crystals formed before the rate of cooling increases), exhibits a porphyritic texture, and contains a mixture of light- and dark-colored minerals.

Gabbro

Igneous #10

Dominant Mineral: malfic- olivine

Description: Cooled at depth (intrusive), exhibits a coarse-grained texture, and mostly contains dark-colored minerals.

Basalt

Igneous #11

Dominant Mineral: Mafic- olivine

Description: Cooled at or near the surface (extrusive), exhibits a fine-grained texture, and mostly contains dark-colored minerals.

Rhyolite

Igneous #12

Dominant Mineral: felsic- quartz

Definition: Cooled at or near the surface (extrusive), exhibits a fine-grained texture, and mostly contains light-colored minerals.

Conglomerate

Sedimentary #1

Composition: Gravel(detrital)

Definition: Exhibits a clastic texture and contains mostly gravel size (detrital) grains

Quartz Sandstone

Sedimentary #2

Composition: Sand(detrital)

Definition: Exhibits a clastic texture and contains mostly sand size quartz (detrital) grains

Quartz Lithic Sandstone

Sedimentary #3

Composition: Sand(detrital)

Description: Exhibits a clastic texture and contains a mixture of sand size quartz and dark lithic (detrital) grains.

Arkosic Sandstone

Sedimentary #4

Composition: Sand(detrital)

Definition: Exhibits a clastic texture and contains mostly sand size feldspar (detrital) grains

Shale

Sedimentary #5

Composition: Clay/Mud(detrital)

Definition: Exhibits a clastic texture and contains mostly clay size (detrital) grains.

Bituminous Coal(black)/Peat(brown)

Sedimentary #6

Composition: Altered plant fragments(chemical)

Definition: composed mostly of plant fragments and exhibits a non-clastic texture

Coquina

Sedimentary #7

Composition: Calcite(chemical)

Definition Composed mostly of shell fragments, loosely cemented, and exhibits a non-clastic texture

Fossiliferous Limestone

Sedimentary #8

Composition: Calcite(chemical)

Definition: Composed mostly of shells, well-cemented, and exhibits a non-clastic texture.

Micrite

Sedimentary #9

Compsition: Calcite(Chemical)

Definition: Composed mostly of lime mud and microscopic shells and exhibits a non-clastic texture.

Chalk

Sedimentary #10

Composition: Calcite(chemical)

Definition: Composed mostly of microscopic shells and exhibits a non-clastic texture.

Chert

Sedimentary #11

Composition: quartz(chemical)

Definition: Composed of microcrystalline quartz and exhibits a non-clastic texture (flint is the same material but dark-colored

Slate

Metamorphic #1

Parent Rock: Shale or Siltstone

Definition: Fine-grained, exhibits a foliated texture, and its parent rock is shale.

Phylite

Metamorphic #2

Parent Rock: Slate

Definition: Fine-grained, exhibits a foliated texture, and its parent rock is slate

Schist

Metamorphic #3

Parent Rock: Phyrite

Definition: Coarse-grained, exhibits a foliated texture, and its parent rock is phyllite

Gneiss

Metamorphic #4

Parent Rock: schist or granite

Definition: Coarse-grained, exhibits a foliated texture, and its parent rock is schist or granite.

Marble

Metamorphic

Parent Rock: limestone

Definition: Exhibits a non-foliated texture, and its parent rock is limestone.

Quartzite

Metamorphic #8

Parent Rock: quartz sandstone

Definition: Exhibits a non-foliated texture, and its parent rock is quartz sandstone.

Anthracite

Metamorphic #10

Parent Rock: bituminous coal

Definition: Shiny and black