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| economic principle that citizens can own private property, including business and the owners of businesses decide for themselves how the businesses will be run with little government interference. |
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| in capitalism, the idea that the government stays out of the affairs of businesses |
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| Economic idea that the government shall control all businesses with the goal of creating total equality for all citizens. this concept was used by the leaders of the Soviet Union in the twentieth century. In its pure form, it doesn't work because of a lack of motivation. |
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| People who do not want a formal government to control society |
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| In the 1920s, a push against communists within the United States caused Americans to behave irrationally (Sacco and Vanzetti Trail/Palmer Raids) |
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| U.S. government cracks down on suspected communists within its borders with little evidence against them. 10,000 people arrested, but most released due to lack of evidence of committing a crime. An example of the Red Scare in the U.S. |
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| Two Italian immigrants were accused of murder with little evidence. Illustrates a strong fear of foreigners within the United States. They were convicted and put to death. |
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| Many strikes in the 1920s become violent and often the blame for the strikes and violence is placed on "Red agitators" (communists). As a result, union power dwindles in the U.S. |
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| Chicago Race Riot of 1919 |
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| Started when boys were throwing rocks on the beach, 38 people were killed and 500 wounded over a two week period. Shows that as the Great Migration took place, racial tensions grow in the North. |
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| Movement of blacks from the agrarian sharecropping South to the urban industrial North to find jobs. Often, these blacks were met with racism and contempt as whites tried to stop them from moving into their neighborhoods and competing for jobs. |
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| President from 1920 to 1923. Terrible cabinet nicknamed the Ohio Gang is corrupt and steals money and lands (example: Teapot Dome Scandal) from the government. Harding is so stressed about this he dies of a heart attack in office (Tecumseh's Curse). Thought to be one of the worst U.S. Presidents. |
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| Takes over as President from Harding after his death. Sweeps out the Ohio gang and is VERY pro-business as President - raises tariffs, lowers taxes on wealthy and businesses, overturns laws on child labor and better pay for women. Easily reelected in 1924. Promised to do nothing as President and lives up to promise in second term. |
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| Idea the U.S. should stay out of foreign affairs. This is a result of the desire to stay out of European affairs following WWI. Part of this idea is the U.S. refusal to join the League of Nations. |
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| Gross National Product (GNP) |
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| the total value of all goods and services produced in a country. During the 1920s, U.S. GNP increased tremendously because the economy was thriving. |
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| People began to study methods to make things more efficiently and cheaply. |
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| Production of large amount of goods, usually by machine, that lowers the overall cost of the product. An example of this would be Ford's use of the assembly line to build the Model T. |
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| Purchasing a product without paying for the entire item at the time of purchase. During the 20s, people bought freely on credit with the assumption they would always have a job and be able to pay off their debts. |
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| During the 1920s, consumers bought electrical appliances and durable goods on credit. Items such as radios, vacuums, stoves, and refrigerators were popular. |
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| Items that are expected to last longer than just a year or two. |
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| Center of the automobile industry, this town was home to Ford and General Motors (Chevrolet/Pontiac/Oldsmobile). |
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| Henry Ford began to pay workers this very high wage for its factory workers in order to overcome the high turnover/burnout rate in its company. |
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| It is said that as cars go, America goes. More cars leads to more travel, more hotels, more restaurants, more business in the steel industry, glass industry, rubber industry, oil/gas industry, etc. |
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| Areas outside of cities where people moved to when cars became available. Suburbs were less noisy, polluted, and crowded. They were also more expensive than urban areas. |
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| Those left behind in the 20s |
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Farmers - struggled with overproduction
Railroads and mine workers - shift to cars hurt these jobs
Textiles and Cotton - man-made products came into use
Laborers - wages did not increase at the same rate as inflation |
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| The consumer prices increase while incomes stay the same. This decrease buying power. |
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| Pilot who became a hero by crossing the Atlantic on a solo flight in the "Spirit of St. Louis" |
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| Young women who changed the roles of women by dressing in shorter, loose clothing, cutting hair short, drinking and smoking in public, and attending speakeasies. |
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| A celebration of African-American life in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Poetry, literature, art, and jazz music were mediums in which the performers worked. |
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| An American art form pushed forward by the Harlem Renaissance, jazz music takes many different forms and allows for much more freedom of expression that previous styles of music. |
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| Poet of the Harlem Renaissance and author of "Dreams," "Dream Deferred," and "Dinner Guest: Me" amongst others. |
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| A time period in which alcohol was illegal in the United States. Urban areas largely ignored the rules and organized crime took off as a result of bootlegging. |
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| Eighteenth Amendment (1919) |
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| The amendment hat puts prohibition into effect. It was pushed by a minority of the country, mostly in rural and/or southern areas. It was repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment (1933). |
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| Illegal bars during prohibition where women drank publically with men. |
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| Twenty-First Amendment (1933) |
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| Repealed Prohibition (the Nineteenth Amendment). |
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| Push in the 1920s to restrict immigration due to a fear of foreigners. |
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| Emergency Quota Act (1921) |
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| Puts limits on immigration from people from each country. It favors Northern and Western European nations. |
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| National Origins Act (1924) |
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| Lowers of the number of immigrants permitted and excluded Japanese immigration altogether. |
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| Herbert Hoover (Republican candidate) represents rural, dry, Protestant vs Alfred E. Smith (Democrat, child of immigrants, urban, wet). Hoover wins du to people supporting the Republican party because of success in the 20s. |
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