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| Republicanism was an idea that took root in the minds of American colonists in the mid-eighteenth century. It defined a just society as one in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good. Was opposed to heirarchical and authoritarian institutions such as aristocracy and monarchy. |
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| British political commentators that warned citizens to be on guard against corruption adn obe eternally vigilant against possible conspiracies to denude them of their hard-won liberties. |
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| Belief that wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth (and hence its military and political power) ould be measured by the aount of gold or silver in its treasury. To gain gold or silver, a country needed to export more than it imported. |
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| Aimed at rival Dutch shippers trying to elbow their way into the American carrying trade. After it was passed, all commerce flowing to and from the conlonies could be transported only in British vessels. First law Parliament passed designed to regulate the mercantilist system. |
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| Left Britain €140 million in debt. In order to get out of debt, the British officials redefined their relationship with the North American colonies through taxing and new laws. |
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| The first law ever passed by Parliament designed to raise tax revenue in the colonies for the benefit of the Crown. Among various provisions, it increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. The duties were lowered after bitter protests. |
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| Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. Passed after the Sugar Act. |
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| Act that collected revenue from taxes placed on certain public papers such as: commercial and legal documents, playing cards, pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, and marriage licenses. the revenue was meant to support the miliary force. The Stamp Act was eventually repealed due to American boycotts. |
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| Where American colonists could be tried for not obiding by the Stamp act and/or Quartering Act. Trial by jury did not exist, and defendants were guilty unless proven innocent. |
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| Stamp Act Congress of 1765 |
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| Congress that brought together 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies. Met in New York City, and created a statement of rights and grievances designed to appeal to the king (and Parliament) to repeal the Stamp Act. It was ignored for the most part. |
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| Parliament declared it's hold on the American colonies with this act. It was put into action after the Stamp Act was repealed. |
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| Act passed after the Stamp Act was repealed. It put a light import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea. The tea tax was the most resented, because tea was incredibly common among American colonists. |
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| Committee of correspondence |
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| Started by Samuel adams, this committee was designed to spread the spirit of resistance. It eventually spread to some eighty towns, and was extremely effective. It was started in Virginia, but after a short time every colony had it's own committee. these committees eventually evolved into the first Amercian congresses. |
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| British East India Company |
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| This company was overburdened with too much tea, so the British empire gave it a monopoly on the American tea industry. Instead of rejoicing at the low tea prices, Americans saw this as a way for the British government to lead colonists to forget about the tea tax. Because principle was more important than price, this led to the Boston tea party. |
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| On December 16, 1773, roughly 100 Bostonians disguised as Indians boarded the docked British East India Company ships and smashed open 342 chests of tea. The large amounts of tea (equivalent to $90,000) were then dumped into the Atlantic ocean. |
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A series of acts designed to punish Bostonians for the Boston Tea Party.
1)Boston Port Act-closed the tea-stained harbor until damages were paid.
2)Restrictions were placed on town meetings.
3)Officials who killed colonists in the line of duty were sent to Britain for trial. Americans assumed that they would get off with no punishment.
4)New quartering act, which gave official the right to place soldiers in colonist's homes. |
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An act passed at the same time as the Intolerable Acts. It was not meant for punishment, but the American mistook it as such.
1)The French were guaranteed their Catholic religion.
2)The French were permitted to retain many of their old customs and institutions. Many of these conflicted with colonial American beliefs.
3)The old boundaries of the province of Quebec were extended southward all the way to the Ohio River. |
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| A complete boycott of British goods. Any violators were tarred and feathered. |
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