Term
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Definition
| invariant short nucleotide sequence that identifies an intron, CAG/G (/ = splice site) |
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Term
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Definition
| intron/exon boundary at the end of an intron |
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Term
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Definition
| 7-methylguanosine caps on eukaryotic mRNA attached to nascent mRNA chains when chains are 20-30 nts long, removed by pyrophosphatase cleave, not phosphodiester cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
| invariant short nt sequence used to identify and excise an intron, AG/GUAUGU (/ = splice site) |
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Term
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Definition
| sidentifies the exon/intron boundary at the start of an intron |
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Term
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Definition
| splicing so that one combination of exons in a pre-mRNA is incorporated in one mRNA while other combinations are incorporated in other mRNAs, used by about 42% of total human transcription units |
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Term
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Definition
| nearly invariant short nt sequence that identifies and excises an intron UACUA'A'C ('A' participates in chemistry of pre-mRNA splicing) |
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Term
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Definition
| capping enzymes bind directly to it when it is phosphorylated on Ser-5 of the heptapeptide repeats, may stimulate spliceosome assembly, binds certain factors for polyadenylation |
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Term
| cleavage/polyadenylation site |
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Definition
| site at which pre-mRNA is cleaved during RNA polymerase transcription termination |
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Term
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Definition
| a member of the RNase III enzyme family that is a component of the heterodimer that binds double-stranded RNA and hydrolyzes it into short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| expressed sequence of an interrupted gene that is represented in the mature RNA product |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of a protein bridge (SRs and others) from one exon to another to specify the intron that is to be removed, usually introns that are very long |
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Term
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Definition
| protein complex about 24 bases upstream of splice junction that marks the locations of splicing activity, formed when proteins assemble adjacent to newly formed exon-exon junctions |
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Term
| expressed sequence tag (EST) |
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Definition
| cDNA fragments prepared by copying one or both ends of an mRNA that represent a snapshot of the genes expressed in specific tissues and/or developmental sequences, can be used as hybridization probes to tag complementary chromosomal DNA sequences |
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Term
| heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) |
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Definition
| nuclear RNA consisting of RNA molecules with a broad size distribution, pre-mRNA which must be trimmed to form shorter mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| noncoding intervening sequence of DNA that is transcribed, but later removed from the transcript by splicing |
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Term
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Definition
| protein bridge that extends across intro that is to be excised, tends to be used for splice site recognition for small introns |
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Term
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Definition
| 130- and 339- nucleotide RNA intermediate products each has a single 2' to 5' phosphodiester bond |
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Term
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Definition
| very short endogenous imperfect hairpin RNA structures that regulate gene expression, |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to first or initiating nucleotide in mRNA through inverted 5' to 5' triphosphate bridge to form cap at 5'-end of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA surveillance process that degrades mRNA with premature translocation termination codons |
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Term
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Definition
| method used to show that termination takes place after the poly(A) site, transcription elongation complex will continue to synthesize a nascent transcript in vitro after nucleus is removed from cell |
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Term
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Definition
| component present at poly(A) site that adds adenylates to 3'-end of RNAs, required for cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
| both mRNA and hnRNA have them at 3' end, 150-200 adenylate groups, histone mRNA doesn't have |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of a poly(A) tail to an (m)RNA molecule, protects from degradation in cytoplasm, aids in transcription termination, export, and translation |
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Term
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Definition
| highly conserved sequence 10 to 30 nucleotides before the cleavage site that is required for cleavage and poly(A) addition, AAUAAA |
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Term
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Definition
| cleavage/polyadenylation site |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear transcript processed by modifications and splicing to yield an mRNA |
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Term
| RISC loading complex (RLC) |
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Definition
| protein complex that catalyzes ATP-dependent unwinding of the siRNA duple and contains siRNA duplex, DCR2-R2D2 heterodimer, and other proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| change of RNA sequence following transcription, when altered RNA molecule could in principle have been encoded by DNA sequence, permits a cell to recode genetic information in a systematic and regulated fashion |
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Term
| RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) |
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Definition
| complex that catalyzes target mRNA cleavage according to incorporated siRNA strand, requires formation of RLC |
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Term
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Definition
| pathway through which siRNA can cause efficient, sequence specific degradation of mRNA and prevent it from being translated (gene silencing) |
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Term
| short interfering RNA (siRNA) |
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Definition
| short pieces of double-stranded RNA created by DCR2-R2D2 during RNAi |
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Term
| small nuclear RNA (snRNA) |
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Definition
| small RNA confined to nucleus, usually involved in splicing or other RNA processing reactions, present in its own snRNP |
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Term
| small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) |
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Definition
| assemble to form a spliceosome, |
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Term
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Definition
| large ribonucleoprotein splicing machine made of five U snRNPs (4 containing Sm polypeptides) on which nuclear mRNA precursors are spliced |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined |
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Term
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Definition
| non-coding, intervening sequences of DNA that are transcribed, but removed from primary transcript and rapidly degraded during maturation of mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| situation when exons incorporated into mRNA derive from two different pre-mRNA molecules, required to produce essential proteins that help to establish and maintain Drosophila chromatin structure |
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