Term
| Overview: Common Respiratory Illnesses |
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Definition
1. DO can affect upper respiratory tracts:
-nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, upper trachael
2. DO can affect lower respiratory tracts:
-lower trachea, mainstem bronchi, segmental bronchi, sugmental bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and alveoli |
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Term
| T/F Infections of respiratory tract may affect more than one area |
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Definition
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Term
| Infectious agents include: |
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Definition
1. Group A B-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
2. Respiratory synnctial virus (RSV)
3. Haemophilus influenzae
4. Streptococcuspheumoniae
5 Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
| Infants between 3-6 months of age are at an increased risk of respiratory illness. WHY? |
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Definition
| D/t decreased maternal antibodies acuqired at birth and lack of antibody protection |
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Term
| Viral infections are more common in what age group? |
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Definition
-Toddlers and preschoolers
-Indicidences of these infections decreases by age 5 |
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Term
| What infectious agents increase in rate after age 5? |
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Definition
| GABHS and Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
| T/F Certain viral agents can cause serious illness during infancy, but will only cause mild illness in older children |
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Definition
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Term
| Anatomical Risk Factors r/t common Respiratory Illness |
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Definition
1. Short, narrow airway
(easily obstructed with mucus or edema)
2. Short respiratory tract
(allows infections to travel quickly to lower airways)
3. Infants and young children have small surface areas for gas exchange
4. Infectious agents have easy access to middle ear through short and open eustachian tubes of infants an young children. |
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Term
Risk Factors of Common respiratory Illnesses
(Decreased Resistance d/t: ) |
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Definition
1. Compromised immune system
2. Anemia
3. Nutritional Deficiencies
4. Allergies
5. Chronic Medical conditions
(asthma, cystic fibrosis, CHD)
6. Exposure to second hand smoke |
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Term
| Children with ASTHMA have a greater incidence of respirator infections during ______ weather. |
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Definition
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Term
| RSV and other common infections are more common during _____ & ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae are more frequent during ____ & _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Subjective Data r/t Common Respiratory Illnesses |
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Definition
Nursing Hx:
-recent infections
-medications
-immunization status
-family coping |
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Term
(Common Cold)
-self limiting virus that persist for 7-10 days
S/S
-nasal inflammation
-rhinorrhea
-cough
-dry throat
-sneezing
-nasal qualities heard in voice
-Fever, decreased appetite, irritability |
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Definition
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Term
S/S of What Respiratory Illness
-inflamed throat with exudate, pain with swallowing
-HA, Fever, abdominal pain
-Cervical lymphadenopathy
-Truncal, axillary, and perineal rash |
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Definition
Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)
c/b GABHS |
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Term
| Persistent cough as a result of inflammation: ______ |
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Definition
Bronchitis (Tracheobronchitis)
-associated with URI and inflammation of large airways
-self limiting and requires symptomatic relief |
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Term
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Definition
-Rhinorrhea -
-pharyngitis, intermittent fever, cough, wheezing
-Cough that progresses toward wheezing, increased RR, nasal falaring, retractions and cyanosis |
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Term
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Definition
-most commonly caused by respitatory synctical virus (RSV)
-primarily affects bronchi and bronchioles
-occurs at the bronchiolar level |
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Term
| Bronchiolitis is most commonly caused by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Allergic rhinitis is caused by seasonal rxn to allergens most often in the autumn or spring |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Watery rhinorrhea
2. Nasal congestion
3. Itchiness of nose, eyes, pharynx
4. Nasal quality of voice
5. Dry scratch throat
6. Poor sleep --> poor school performance
7. fatigue |
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Term
| T/F Bacterial epiglottis (acte supraglottis) is a medical emergency |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial epiglottis is c/b ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacterial Epiglottis (Croup Syndromes) |
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Definition
1. Sitting with chin pointing out, mouth open, tongue protruding
2. Drooling
3. Anxiety with respiratory distress
4. Absence of spontaneous coughing
5. Dysphonia (hoarseness or difficulty speaking
6. Dysphagia
7. Inspiratory stridor (noisy inspiratioons(
8. Sore throat, high fever, restlessness |
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Term
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Definition
Self limiting viral infection.
-hoarseness as only symptom |
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Term
| s/s of acute laryngotracheobronchitis |
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Definition
| -low grade fever, restlessness, hoarseness, barky cough, inspiratory stridor, retractions |
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Term
| Causative agents of Acute laryngotracheobronchitis |
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Definition
-RSV
-influenza A and B
-mycoplasma pneuomoniae |
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Term
| S/S of Acute Spasmodic Laryngitis |
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Definition
-Self Iimiting Illness that may result from allergens
-barky cough, restlessness, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, nighttime episodes of laryngeal obstruction |
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Term
| LAB tests for respiratory illlnesses |
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Definition
1. Throat culture for GABHS
2. Blood samples;
-Elevated ASO titer
-Elevated C-reactive Protein (CRP) or sedimination rate in response to an inflammatory rxn
3. CBC to assess anemia and infection
4. Sputum culture and sensitivity to detect infection |
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Term
| Dx procedure to Detect RSV |
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Definition
-Collection of direct aspiration of nasal secretions
- Collected for immunofluoresence analysis
1. 1-3 mL of NS is instilled into child's nostrils , fluid is then aspirated for evaluation
2. Placce pt in SUPINE position
3. use sterile syringe w/o needle
Teach:
-potential need for isolation, dependent on results of lab test |
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Term
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Definition
Chest X rays identifies infiltrations in PNA
-ensure child is positioned correctly to avoid need for repeat x ray
TEACH
-need confirmation of nonpregnant status of adolescents of childbearing age |
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Term
| T/F Tongue depressors and taking a throat culture should be used if epiglottis is suspected. |
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Definition
FALSE
do NOT attempt to use. |
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Term
| What is used to help mobilize and remove fluid from the lungs? ___ & ___ |
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Definition
| postural drainage and/or chest physoptherapy (CPT) |
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Term
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Definition
-Vasoconstriction of submucosa and to decrease edema
Raceemic epiniephrine via nebulizer
Alpha receptor stimulation - Administer for vasconstriction of submucosa and decrease edema
Beta receptor stimulation - bronchiodlation, reduction in airway smooth muscle spasms
2. Observe child for 3hrs after administration
TEACH
-inform child may feel acceleration in HR during administration
*Administer via nebulizer racemic epinephrine |
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Term
Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone (Decardone)
Budesonide (Rhinocort) |
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Definition
-Administer to decrease inflammation
-Administer orally via nebulizer OR IV route
TEACH
-assist child to rinse mouth afer nebulizer tx |
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Term
| Antipyretics, Mild Analgesics, Antibiotics |
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Definition
| other medications for resp illness |
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Term
| Care after Discharge (Resp Illness) |
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Definition
1. Cool-air vaporizer to provide humidity
2. Rest during febrile illness
3. Maintain adequate fluid intake
(infants - oral rehydration solutions; older - sports drinks)
4. Limit use of nose drops/sprays to 3 days to prevent rebound congestion
5. Ice bag or heating pad to neck to decrease pain from enlarged cervical nodes |
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Term
| T/F Ice bag or heating pad to neck to decrease pain from enlarged cervical nodes can be used for resp illness |
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Definition
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Term
| Limit use of nose drops or sprays to 3 ays to prevent |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -result from progression of resp infectious process or foregin body aspiration |
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Term
| Position of child during airway obstruction |
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Definition
1. Ensure proper body alignment
2. Prone, semiprone, side liying to promote lung expansion & gas exchange, prevent aspiration |
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Term
| Suctioning of airways limited to ___attempts |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Examine a child's throat with a tongue blade or take a throat culture if epiglottis is suspected |
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Definition
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Term
| S/S of Respiratory Distress |
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Definition
Increased HR and RR
-Nasal Flaring
-Chest retractions
increased restlessness |
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Term
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Definition
Tonsils are lymph-type tissue found in pharyngeal area
-Primary role to filter pathogenic organisms (viral and bacerial) to protect resp and GI tract.
-Play a role in formation of ANTIBODIES |
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Term
| Diversional activities for a school-aged child following a tonsillectomy |
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Definition
-watch a movie
-play a board game
-put a puzzle together
-play cards
-read a book
-visit with a friend/family member
-color a picture
-play a video game
-make a craft |
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Term
| A nurse is caring for a child who is in post-op period following a tonsillectomy. When assessing the child the nurse should recognize which findings as a consistent sign of post-op bleeding? |
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Definition
frequent swalowing and clearing of throat.
-restelessness, bright red emesis, tachycardia, pallor
Expected findings: inflammed, reddened throatl blood tinged mucus |
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Term
| Nursing interventions included in post op care following a tonsillectomy |
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Definition
1. Avoid red-colored liquids and milk based foods initally
-Clear liquids and fluids encouraged AFTER return of gag reflect
2. Addvance to soft bland foods
3. Discourage child from coughing, thraot clearing, nose blowing to PROTECT surigcal site
4. Position child on side to facilitate drainge/elevate HOB if fully awake
5. Blood tingued mucus or clots is expected in vomitus (teach parents) |
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Term
| Manifestations of bacterial epiglottis |
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Definition
1. Hoarseness and difficulty speaking (dysphoria)
2. Difficulty swallowing (Dysphagia)
3. Drooling
4. Stridor
5. HIGH grade fever |
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