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RML Chapter 3
Exam 1
40
Sociology
Undergraduate 3
02/27/2012

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Term
Abstract
Definition
The summary of a research article
Term
Categorical variables
Definition
Measures for which the possibile responses have no particular order
Term
Content analysis
Definition
Any stematic review of documents or other media
Term
Control Group
Definition
Participants of an experiment that are not exposed to the independent variable
Term
Convenience sample
Definition
A sample in which any available person is included in the study
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
The variable that is predicted to lead to a change as a result of the independent variable
Term
Ethnography
Definition
A form of field research that includes a descriptive analysis of a group or organization
Term
Experiment
Definition
A type of quantitative research procedure in which investigators control participants' exposure to an independent variable
Term
Experimental group
Definition
Participants of an experiment that are exposed to an independent variable
Term
Field research
Definition
A form of qualitative study in which researchers directly observe people's behavior
Term
Focus groups
Definition
Semistructured interviews with small groups of people
Term
Hypotheses
Definition
Specific statements about how variables will relate to one another in a research study
Term
Independent variable
Definition
The variable predicted to lead to a change in the dependent variable
Term
In-depth interviews
Definition
A qualitative research method employing an unstructured or semistructured series of questions
Term
Indices
Definition
A series of related questions
Term
Internal Review Boards (IRBs)
Definition
Groups that ensure that the benefits of a research project outweigh any potential harm to research participants
Term
Interval variables
Definition
A type of variable in which the difference between any two adjacent values is the same
Term
Laboratory experiments
Definition
Those in which the experiences and behaviors of participants are monitored in a controlled laboratory setting
Term
Natural or field experiments
Definition
Those that take place in people's everday environments
Term
Operationalize
Definition
Translating a concept into something that can be measured
Term
Ordinal variables
Definition
Variables for which response categories are ordered by the distances between adjacent categories anre not necessarily equal
Term
Participant observation
Definition
A form of qualitative research in which a researcher becomes a member of the group being studied
Term
Population
Definition
The larger group of people about whom a researcher seeks to draw conclusions
Term
Posttest
Definition
A measure of the dependent variable after exposure to the independent variable in an experiment
Term
Pretest
Definition
A measure of the dependent variable before participants are exposed to the independent variable in an experiment
Term
Probability samples
Definition
Samples in which researchers choose participants systematically in an attempt to ensure that they are representative of the population
Term
Qualitative research methods
Definition
In-depth, semistructured modes of observation or interviewing of subjects
Term
Quantitative methods
Definition
Any research method that attempts to precisely measure people's thoughts, feelings, or behavior
Term
Random assignment
Definition
Assigning participants of an experiment to different levels of an independent variable on a random basis
Term
Random sample
Definition
A sample in which participants are randomly picked from a population
Term
Ratio variable
Definition
Interval variables that have a zero starting point
Term
Sample
Definition
A group of people drawn for use in a study
Term
Sampling frame
Definition
A list of all possible elements in the population
Term
Search terms
Definition
Words used to find articles on a topic during a literature review
Term
Secondary data analysis
Definition
The analysis of previously collected survey data
Term
Snowball sample
Definition
Samples in which informants provide contact information about other people who share some of the characteristics necessary for a study
Term
Social theories
Definition
Organized sets of propositions about how various elements of social life are related to one another
Term
Statistical significance
Definition
The probability that the results found in the sample reflect the true relationships within the population of interest
Term
Survey research
Definition
The use of questionnaires to measure independent and dependent variables
Term
Variables
Definition
Concepts that are put into a measurable form
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