Term
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Definition
| rain containing acids that for in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water |
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Definition
| small organic fossils; the general term for unicellular fossils whose relationships are uncertain; many are regarded as resistant cyst stages of planktonic algae, often prasinophyceans or dinoflagellates. |
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Definition
| an organism parasite on a closely related host organism |
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Definition
| gelatinous substance derived from seaweed; a sulfated polygalactan extracted from walls of various red algae that is used as a gelling agent. |
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Definition
| referring to a parasite that has no particular relationship to its host |
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Definition
| a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; a xanthophylls pigment that is characteristic of photosynthetic cryptomonads. |
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Definition
| to interchange repeatedly and regularly with one another in time or place; rotate; a life history type in which there are two (or more, in some red algae) multicellular stages that can be distinguished by type of reproductive cell produced and sometimes also by morphological features (alteration of generations). |
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Definition
| protistas pitted with cell-like cavities; a eukaryotic supergroup that includes ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates, characterized by membrane sacs known as alveoli at the cell periphery |
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Definition
protists pitted with cavities; members of the eukaryotic supergroup Alveolata. |
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Definition
| hollow cavity structure in a cell; membrane sacs located at the periphery of cells of the eukaryotes classified as alveolates |
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Definition
| – large group of protists, most of which possess a unique organelle called apicoplast and an apical complex structure involved in penetrating a host’s cell. They are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively parasites of animals |
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Definition
| a complex cell covering found in some dinoflagellates; it's composed of flattened vesicles called alveoli that sometimes support overlapping cellulose plates to form a type of scaly armor called a theca. The amphiesma provide it with protection from the elements and from predators |
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Definition
| not involving the fusion of male and female gametes in reproduction |
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Definition
| a tough, protective covering |
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Definition
| in the higher red algae, a cell into which the zygote nucleus or one of its mitotic progeny is deposited and that generates the carposporophyte generation by mitotic proliferation |
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Definition
| the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth |
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Definition
| the production and emission of light by a living organism |
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Definition
| a sexual reproductive cycle that involves two body forms that can be distinguished by chromosome level and type of reproductive cell produced |
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Definition
| One of several ichthyotoxins produced by the dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis |
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Definition
| in red algae, a short branch consisting of a few vegetative cells, terminated by a female gamete, the carpogonium |
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Definition
| the nonmotile female gamete of red algae |
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Definition
| Sporangium in the red algae that is formed by the carposporophyte and that contains carpospores |
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Definition
| In red algae, the spore released from a carposporangium; usually assumed to be diploid |
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Definition
| (gonimocarp) A multicellular diploid phase in the life cycle of florideophycean red algae that generates carpospores via gonimoblast filaments; in all cases, attached to the female gametophytic body (i.e., not free living) |
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Definition
| Mucilaginous sulfated polygalactans in the cell walls of red algae that are extracted for us as gelling agents in the food industry |
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Definition
| marine plants commonly known as red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) that contain carrageenan |
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Definition
| of, consisting of, or related to living cells in the inner region of an organ or tissue, esp. when it is distinguishable from the outer region or cortex |
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Definition
| A grouping of eukaryotes, of the taxon Chromalveolata, comprising the Chromista and the aveolates |
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Definition
| eukaryotic supergroup, which may be treated as a separate kingdom or included among the Protsta |
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Definition
| In brown algae and other photosynthetic stramenophiles, a soluble polysaccharide storage product composed of β-1,3-linked glucose units together with some branch-producing β-1,6-linkages |
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Definition
| Ciguatera is a food borne illness caused by eating certain reef fishes whose flesh is contaminated with toxins |
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Definition
| (a) The transversely oriented girdle region of dinnoflagellate cells; (b) the region of overlap of the two halves of diatom frustules |
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Definition
| roughly 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities |
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Definition
| Unicellular members of the haptophyte algae that are characterized by a covering of small, ornate calcium carbonate scales |
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Definition
| Calcium carbonate scales that occur on the surfaces of coccolithophorid algae |
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Definition
| The aggregate of coccoliths forming a coalescent outer covering of coccolithophorid algal cells |
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Definition
| A cavity that contains the reproductive cells of some algae (particularly carolline red algae and fucalean brown algae) |
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Definition
| A filamentous, sporophytic phase in the life cycle of bangialean red algae that produces conchospores in conchosporangia; commonly occurs in shells or other calcareous materials |
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Term
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Definition
| In florideophycean red algae, a cell (often long and filament-like) through which a zygote nucleus is transferred from the fertilized carpogonium to an auxiliary cell |
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Definition
| type of tetraspore where each cell is visible in the same plane |
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Definition
| life cycle phase found in red algae where the algae is growing as a crustose or filamentous stage, where it is not readily detectable (ex: Pfiesteria) |
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Definition
| a fruiting body found in red algae that contains the carposporophyte that produces carpospores; contains both N and 2N generations |
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Definition
| vegetative cell of dinoflagellate |
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Definition
| small order of Dinoflagellates characterized by two apical flagella and a lack of flagellar grooves |
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Definition
| order of Dinoflagellates characterized by having two ventral flagella |
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Definition
| large nucleus present in Dinoflagellates; chromosomes are continuously condensed and there is a lack of histones |
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Definition
| spore produced by Pfiesteria that attaches to a host and encysts to form new dinospores |
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Definition
| resistant polymer that forms the hard coating on dinocysts of Dinoflagellates |
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Definition
| sulfer based compound produced by algae, such as Synura, that have a strong fishy smell |
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Definition
| spiral ribbons ejected from cryptomonads to protect from predators; similar to trichcysts of Dinoflagellates |
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Definition
| duplication of nuclear genome in the absence of cell division |
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Definition
| refers to an alga that lives inside an animal, such as Pfiesteria |
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Definition
| The upper portion of the covering of Dinoflagellates; separated from the hypocone by the cingulum |
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Definition
growing upon the surface of rocks; growing upon stone or stone-like material |
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Definition
| living/growing on the surface of other plants but not parasitic to that plant |
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Definition
| living on the surfaces of animals |
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Definition
| the hairlike medulla of Grateloupia, a Floridean from subclass Rhodymeniophycidae |
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Definition
| in red algae, a food reservoir that is different in chemical composition from starch produced in other algae... not a true starch |
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Definition
storage product in red algae believed to play important roles in carbon storage, transport, and assimilation and in the regulation of osmotic balance |
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Definition
a monophyletic group of rhodophyta; also the most divergent group of red algae |
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Definition
in some brown algae, the appearance of claw like structures |
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Definition
| the uncalcified, flexible regions occurring as joints between calcified, non-flexible regions of the thalli of jointed coralline red algae |
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Term
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Definition
| in red algae, one or all of the filaments that produce carpospores |
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Definition
| spore producing filaments that develop directly or indirectly from repeated division of the zygote on the red algae |
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Term
| Harmful algal Bloom (HAB) |
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Definition
an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms via production of natural toxins, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means |
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Term
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Definition
| in hapophytes, a flagellumlike structure arising from the cell apex, near the flagella, that contains several microtubules; may function in attachment, feeding or avoidance responses |
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Definition
| morphologically different algae, i.e. the male and female gametes are of different size and or morphology (found in Bonnemaisonia and Palmaria) |
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Definition
| in modern and fossil dinoflagellates, resting cysts commonly bearing distinctive projections and or markings and an excystment pore (archeophyte) |
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Definition
the portion of a dinoflagellate cell posterior to the cingulum |
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Definition
| section of a pit plug located underneath the plasmalema |
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Definition
| the space or section of a filament or of a thallus between nodes or joints |
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Definition
| sexual reproduction in which there are at least two multi-cellular stages that are morphologically similar i.e. male and female gametes are identical (found in Polysiphonia) |
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Definition
| group of flagellate protozoa, found in the Englenoids, including a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in humans and other animals, as well as various forms found in soil and aquatic environments |
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Definition
| a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of light-emitting biological pigments found in organisms that cause bioluminescence |
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Definition
| a stage that can be seen with the naked eye (an algae you would find in the intertidal or subtidal zones maybe in the form of a seaweed) |
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Term
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Definition
lateral bristles found on the anterior or tinsel flagellum of many heterokonts |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that contain intermediate type of nucleus, partway between the primitive nucleoid region of the prokaryote and the complex true nuclei of eukaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a microscopic form of an algae |
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Definition
| algae consisting of only one life or generation cycle- no alternation of generations |
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Definition
| used to describe a group of organisms that have descended from a single common ancestor |
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Definition
| a simple or undivided nonmotile asexual spore; produced by the diploid generation of some algae |
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Definition
| many apical cells composed of many similar axial filaments-result of a group of apical cells growth |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of plankton consisting of organisms that are between 2 and 20 micrometers in diameter |
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Definition
| in red algae, a ring shaped structure that occurs at the spindle poles during cell divison |
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Definition
| part of thallus that bears branches |
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Definition
| the algae Porphyra; the most common algae used for food sources |
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Definition
| in some algae having plastids of secondary origin (cryptomonads and chlorarachinophytes) a plastid based, double membrane enclosed structure containing DNA arranged in small chromosomes and other features suggesting origin from a eukaryotic nucleus |
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Definition
| branching directly across from each other |
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Definition
| the group of structures within pyrocystis that concentrate together and do not produce light |
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Term
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Definition
| a small hole or opening through which algae release their mature spores |
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Definition
| section of a pit plug located outside the plasmalema (in corraline algae it is dome shaped) |
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Definition
| a sheetlike extension of cytoplasm, also known as a feeding veil, that is produces by some phagotrophic dinoflagellates for the purpose of capturing and digesting prey |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of body (or thallus) in which true tissues are produced |
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Definition
In dinoflagellates, a tubular structure lacking microtubules that can be formed on cells for the purpose of attracting to and extracting the contents of prey cells |
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Definition
| Production of a new individual from an unfertilized gamete |
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Term
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Definition
| (a) In euglenoids, an often flexible, protein containing surface layer consisting of interlocking, helically oriented strips that occurs just inside the cell membrane; (b) in some dinoflagellates, a cellulosic and sporopollenin-containing layer beneath the theca that remains in place when the theca is shed; (c) the surface layers of some other algae |
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Term
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Definition
| Periplastidal endoplasmic Reticulum, An extension of the endoplasmic reticulum that encloses the plastids of some algal groups; sometimes also connected to the nuclear envelope |
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Term
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Definition
| In dinoflagellates, a microtubule-containing tubular extension of cytoplasm that can be extended to attach to prey cells or tissues and either extract their contents or engulf them |
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Term
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Definition
| In florideophycean red algae, a coherent layer of gametophytic filaments that surrounds a carposporophyte; the outermost, presumably protective, layer of a cytocarp |
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Term
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Definition
| In uniaxial red algae, cells that are cut off from the main axis that occur in a whorl that surrounds the parental axial cell |
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Definition
| A xanthophyll accessory pigment that colors the plastids of many dinoflagellates golden brown |
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Definition
| In cryptomonads, the cell covering, consisting of intersecting plates lying beneath the cell membrane |
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Term
| Periplastidial Compartment |
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Definition
| In cryptomonads, haptophytes, and photosynthetic stramenopiles, the space between the outer and inner pairs of plastid envelope membranes (the outer two of which are known as the periplastidal endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| A form of nutrition in which particles such as cells are ingested by protists via invagination of the cell surface |
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Definition
| Water-soluble accessory pigments collectively known as phycobilisomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a hemispherical or discoidal structure on the surfaces of thylakoids that contain phycobiliproteins |
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Definition
| Cell walls of many seaweeds contain these and can be extracted for products |
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Definition
| A plug that develops in the wall between adjacent cells and that, in an elongate form, can maintain structural association even when other portions of the cell walls become spatially separated |
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Definition
| in red algae, densely staining rings located at the spindle poles that are thought to play a role in microtubule formation |
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Definition
| having more than two paired homologous chromosomes |
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Definition
composed of tiers of vertically elongated cells, transversely arranged, the lateral cells around a central axis (siphon) |
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Definition
| in certain florideophycean red algae, presence of an auxiliary cell in the carpogonial branch. |
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Definition
| A multicellular structure that serves in asexual reproduction |
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Definition
| organisms that live of thrive on sandy soil |
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Definition
| a form of algal body composed of interwoven, continuous filaments; superficially resembles parenchyma. |
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Definition
| in dinoflagellates, a branched system of tubes, lined by the cell membrane, that opens to the cell exterior. |
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Definition
| harmful algal bloom of red algae. |
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Definition
| strands of hyphae found on the lower surface of many foliose lichens. |
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Definition
| accessory pigment found in some red algal species; made up of alpha and beta subunits |
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Definition
| a fluorescent protein from phycobiliprotein family that can be isolated from red algae. |
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Definition
| a powerful seurotoxin synthesized and secreted by certain dinoflagellates which accumulatedin the tissues of shellfish |
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Definition
| sphereical portions of the cell cytoplasm which project into cell vacuoles and seal off at the neck. Storage site of luciferin and luciferase which are used in bioluminescence. |
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Definition
| structure producing spermatia in red algae |
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Definition
a nonmotile cell in red algae that functions as a male gamete. |
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Definition
| horizontal connections between organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| A longitudinal furrow or depression on the ventral side of the dinoflagellate cell, in which lies the longitudinal flagellum |
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Definition
| In dinoflagellates, the regions between adjacent plates |
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Definition
| a red algae tetraspore design where the spores form a three-sided pyramid |
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Definition
| In florideophycean red algae, one of the four spores produced within a tetrasporangium |
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Term
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Definition
| a diploid, tetraspore producing tissue that originated from a fertilized carpogonium |
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Term
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Definition
| in florideophycean red algae, the life history phase that produces tetraspores. |
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Definition
| Pfiesteria piscicida, an algal species causing adverse effects to aquatic communities and humans upon exposure. It was responsible for a decline in the seafood industry, high mortality of fishes, and severe health problems with humans who came in contact with the species. |
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Definition
| the cover of a dinoflagellate or diatom cell |
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Definition
| A portion of the cellulosic theca, or wall, of dinoflagellates |
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Term
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Definition
| A hair-like filamentous protrusion from the side of an alga |
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Term
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Definition
| In dinoflagellates and raphidophyceans, ejectile structures occurring within cytoplasmic membranous vesicles that greatly elongate when discharged, serving a defensive function. |
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Definition
| type of spermatization in sexual reproduction between a spermatia and a trichogyne |
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Term
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Definition
| In red algae and some charophycean green algae, the elongated apical portion of the female gamete (carpogonium or oogonium) that is receptive to male gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| The occurrence of three alternating multicellular generations; characteristic of florideophycean red algae |
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Definition
| a body that consists of a single axial filament |
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Definition
| having a single row of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| In cryptomonads, an anterior depression from which flagella emerge; the anterior end of the cell gullet or furrow |
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Term
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Definition
tetrasporangia that are placed end to end in a row. |
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Definition
| Unicellular golden-pigmented cells (usually dinoflagellates) that are endosymbiotic in marine animals, including reef-building corals |
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