Balancing pair of opposite words.

"You're easy on the eyes Hard on the heart."

Use of three coordinate items.

"Be sincere, be brief, be seated."

Use of a word to describe two different words but only works exclusively with one of the words.

"You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit."

A figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding

"Hello darkness, my old friend"

Reference to something outside of given text.

"I violated the Noah rule: predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does."

An understatement created by affirming the opposite of the actual underlying meaning.

"We are not amused."

When a word is used to mean something of a greater scale, or the opposite.

"All hands on deck" or

"Brazil won the soccer tournament"

Defining an object by describing its surroundings or close objects.

"The B.L.T. left without paying."

Metonymy is greek for "change of name"

Use of "good words" to describe uneasy words/ideas.

Like the use of "passed away" for "died"

A story, usually short and simple, that illustrates a lesson.

"Moral: You might as well fall flat on your face as lean over too far backward."