attaching an adjecive or adjective phrase to a noun to make the noun clearer or more vivid

EX: The tumultous terrain made it difficult to climb the mountain.

leaves out conjuctions in a list or between clauses

EX: He was tall, dark, handsome, with gorgeous eyes.

puts a conjuction after every item but the last

EX: He was tall and dark and handsome and had gorgous eyes.

unexpected items in a sentence are linked together by a shared word

EX: She lost her voice, and her dignity.

the use of a part of something to represent the whole

EX: Make sure you count heads before we leave.

allows you to refer to something closely related to the actual object, and use that as a way of referring to the object itself.

EX: "The pen is mightier than the sword."

disrupts the normal order of a sentence to emphasize certain parts

EX: "Alone he walked on the cold, lonely roads."

express doubt about an idea, show different sides to an argument, show uncertainty

EX: Abortion is considered killing someone but should be allowed since we all make mistakes.

repition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

EX: The word is concrete. The word is holy. The word is everything.

the same word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses or sentences.

EX: You have to go to school. There's no better way to get an education than at school. 

repition at both the beginning and the end

EX: "The madman is not the man who has lost his reason. The madman is the man who has lost everything except his reason."

writers repeat something they've just said, while adding additional detail and information, emphasize

EX: As previously stated, Harry continued on the trail to immortality. Except now he was joined by a few friends.

giving human attributes to a nonhuman thing

EX: The clouds cried as I watched from my window.

listing a series of clauses joined by either coordinating conjunctions or no conjunctions at all, must relate to clauses

EX: "I came-I saw-I conquered."

an exaggeration

EX: I have a ton of homework to do tonight.

undermining the subject

EX: The holocaust was when a bunch of Jews died.

positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions

EX: The ice cream was not too bad.

a simple way to show a complex thought

EX: "Speech is silver, but silence is gold."

technique of asking a question then proceeding to answer it

EX: Do you have a favorite ice cream? I do! My favorite ice cream is chocolate.

answer is implied

EX: Are you required to know exactly how many tiles are used for these floors? 

procatalepsis

strengthens the argument by expressing the counter-arguments

EX: I know it's a school night and I still have to clean my room, but can I please go over to Mary's house tonight?

writer elaborates the meaning of a word to make sure there is no misunderstanding

EX: The kid was jumping all over the place, and by kid I mean the baby goat.

comparison using like or as

EX: You're as pretty as a flower.

comparison not using like or as

EX: My mom is a lioness, always protecting me and my siblings.

compare two ideas for the sake of clarity or effect

EX: I feel like a fish out of water.

reference to some fairly well known event, place, or person

EX: You're just as good as the King of Rock 'n' Roll.

refers to a specific person in order to link his or her attributes with someone or something else

EX: Just like the Curies', I bet you'll make some amazing scientific discovery.

fancy term for a quotation, maxim, or wise saying

EX: Don't talk to strangers.

providing an example to illustrate your point

EX: I want a love like Noah and Allies, where we're always there for one another and the love never dies.

organizing ideas so that they proceed from the least to the most important

EX: The climbed the mountain... The reached the summit of the mountain and took a ton of pictures to document the memory!

same structure and syntax for multiple parts of a sentence or multiple sentences

EX: Everything is written in parallelism. Sentences have the same structure with nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

reverses the original structure for effect

EX: He smiled happily and joyfully laughed.

takes last word of a phrase and repeats them at the beginning of the next phrase.

EX: I really want to go to the beach. The beach is where all my troubles seem to wash away.

takes from anywhere in the sentence and replaces it at the beginning.

EX: We're like two peas in a pod. Two peas that can't get enough of each other.

sum up a portion of a work that has come before, so that you can move on to a new point.

EX: As mentioned, cells are the basis of life. Therefore, everything living is made up of cells.

insert an aside or additional information into a sentence or clause

EX: Class seemed to drag on and on, especially since we had a sub.

the writer breaks out of the flow of the writing to directly address an ideal or personified object.

EX: The rainbow was frowning at us. But rainbows are a symbol of happiness and luck, so why would it be frowning?

act of supplying a list of details or examples about an introduced topic. expand on a centeal idea

EX: Ice cream is my favorite food since it's so cold and sugary. 

allows the writer to acknowledge but downplay negative points or points that are in opposition

EX: I get that underage drinking is illegal, but if we experience it now, the less likely we'll have alchol problems later in life.

the symbolic expression of truths or generalizations about human existance

EX: "Animal Farm" is an allegory to describe the taking over of Russia by the Communists.