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| The goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text--for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, to persuade. Also called intention and purpose. |
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| The technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections. |
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| In a text, the reference to words, action, or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization, or conclusion |
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| The omission of conjunctions between related clauses -- for example, "I came, I saw, I conquered." |
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| The situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept |
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| The ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a syllogism orr enthymeme expresses. The point, backed up by support, of an argument. |
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| The repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses--for example, "They saw no evil, they spoke no evil, and they heard no evil." |
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| Vocabulary characterized by the choice of elaborate, often complicated words derived from Latin roots. |
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| The speed with which a plot moves from one event to another |
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| A set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in a sentence or paragraph |
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| The substitution of an attributive word or phrase for a proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic. For example, "Pete Rose -- better known as ‘Charlie Hustle’--admitted his gambling problem" or "That young pop singer thinks she’s a real Madonna, doesn’t she?" |
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a play on word. types of puns include:
Anataclasis: words that sound alike but behave different meanings ("The spoiled turkey meat was fowl most foul")
Paronomasia: words alike in sound but different in meaning ("When Sybil’s two boyfriends started fighting, her friends referred to it as ‘The Sybil War’ or the ‘The War Between the Dates’)
Syllepsis: a word used differently in relation to two other words it governs or modifies ("Bright lights attract flies and celebrity watchers") |
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| a question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but instead to affirm or deny a point simply by asking a question about it |
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| dialogue in which a character speaks aloud to himself or herself |
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| stereotypical time and place settings that let readers know a text’s genre immediately |
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| the choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect |
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| deliberate playing down of a situation in order to make a point -- for example "As the principal dancer, Joe Smith displayed only two flows: his arms and his legs." |
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| A trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning ("He maintained a business and his innocence") |
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