a figure of speech where the speaker poses a question and then answers the question

eg. What makes a king out of a slave? Courage!

Phrases or clauses arranged independently: a coordinate, rather than a subordinate construction

eg. I came; I saw; I conquered

eg. Hurry up, it is getting late!

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses, i.e., simultaneous use of anaphora and epistrophe

eg. against yourself you are calling him, against the laws you are calling him, against the democratic constitution you are calling him

Use of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one

eg. Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave

eg. you are free to execute his laws, and your citizens, as you see fit

the use of more words or word-parts than is necessary for clear expression

eg. Black Darkness

eg. Burning Fire

eg. Bladed Sword

A transitional statement in which one explains what has been and what will be said

eg. you have heard how the proposed plan will fail; now consider how an alternative might succeed.

Describes fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking; writing whose purpose is to teach

eg. The Bible

When writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives

eg. It will either rain or snow today. (Could be just cloudy, and not do either of the two)

Sentence structure which leaves out something in the second half. Usually, there is a subject-verb-object combination in the first half of the sentence and the second half of the sentence will repeat the structure but omit the verb and use a comma to indicate the ellipted material

eg. May was hot and June the same.

Hypotaxis

is using subordination to show the relationship between clauses or phrases. It uses subordinating conjunctions (eg. after, before, when, while, since, until, because, unless, if)

eg. I will go when I am ready.

Parenthesis

consists of a word, phrase, or whole sentence inserted as an aside in the middle of another sentence

eg. Anytime I try to think of a good rhetorical example, I rack my brains but--you guessed it--nothing happens

eg. "It was as though he had chosen – how had he put it the night he fought with Ras? – to fall outside of history " (Ellison 424)

Synecdoche

is a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole or vice versa. Where the 'whole' pertains to any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself and where the part stands to any portion, section, or main quality of the whole.

eg. -If I had some wheels, I'd go to the mall.

--Part (wheels) representing a whole (car)

eg. "Jefferson, Jackson, Pulaski, Garibaldi, Booker T. Washington, Sun Yat-sen, Danny O'Connell, Abraham Lincoln and countless others are being asked to step once again upon the stage of history" (Ellison, 229)

--Specific people in history representing all great speakers