Citing an example; using a moral anecdote, either true or fictitious to illustrate a point

Ex. For instance, if I wanted to give you an example of exemplum, this would be it.

A form of metaphor in which the chosen metaphorical image is closely associated with the subject to which it is compared

eg. Boy, I'm dying from the heat. Just look at how the mercury is rising.

eg. The orders came directly from the White House.

A question posed but not answered by the writer; answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no. It is used for effect, emphasis, or provocation, or for drawing a conclusionary statement from teh facts at hand

eg. Smoking causes lung cancer. Who knew?

eg. Practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?

Using a word such as it or there in place of a noun

Eg. There is no such thing as the perfect crime.

Eg. It is imperative that the body is disposed of discretely"

Formation of a word by imitating the sound made by or associated with something

Eg. The vorpal blade went snicker-snack

A successive series of words or phrases whose meanings are generally equivalent

Eg. He was a fatherly figure, a man with children, balding with a beer belly.

The use of a word other than the expected or usual word order usually used for emphasis.

eg. She had a personality indescribable.

eg. These are rumors strange.

is a paradox reduced to two words, usually in an adjective-noun or adverb-adjective form

eg. Jumbo Shrimp

eg. the cost-saving program became an expensive economy

quoting a maxim or wise saying to apply a general truth to the situation; concluding or summing foregoing material by offering a single, pithy statement of general wisdom

eg. But, of course, to understand all is to forgive all

eg. as the saying is, art is long and life is short

eg. live and let live

An "argument against the person." Ad hominem arguments attack or discredit the speaker instead of discrediting the statement itself. The ad hominem argument is a logical fallacy.

eg. You claim that this man is innocent, but you cannot be trusted since you are a criminal as well

AKA Circular Reasoning

Proves a statement using self-referential evidence

eg. X is true. The evidence for this claim is that X is true.

eg. If such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by the law.

analyzes the wrong part of the sentence, deliberately ignoring the whole point of the argument

Philosophy of Deconstruction states that the primary meaning of a text can always be disproved by its subtext, bringing in its inconsistence

eg. Huckleberry Finn -- all about Human Rights... but Jim gets locked up in end and contradicts overall theme of book

The counterpart of understatement, deliberately exaggerates conditions for emphasis or effect

eg. I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse.

a recurrent syntactical similarity --- several parts of a sentence or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that ideas in the parts or sentences are equal in importance

eg. Quickly and Happily he walked around the corner to buy the book

eg. He liked to eat watermelon and to avoid grapefruit

eg. for the end of a theoretical science is truth, but the end of a practical science is performance

a comparison between the two different things taht resemble each other in at least one way

Uses 'like' or 'as'

eg. Sally's personality is like the sun.

eg. they remained constatnly attentive to their goal, as a sunflower always turns and stays focused on the sun