Either/or fallacy 

Fallacies are defects that weaken arguments.

Antithesis

 The presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…” “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country….”

Litotes

Form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis

and intensity.

Rebuttal

Equivocation

ambiguous expressions, especially in order to mislead or hedge; prevarication.

Origin:
1350–1400; Middle English equivocacion  < Late Latin aequivocātiōn-  (stem of aequivocātiō )

Ethos

In dramatic literature, the moral element that determines a character's actions, rather than

thought or emotion

Media

Euphemism

 a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. “He went to his final reward” is a common euphemism for “he died.” Euphemisms are also often used to obscure the reality of a situation. The military uses “collateral damage” to indicate civilian deaths in a military operation.

Irony A situation or statement characterized by significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant. Irony is frequently humorous, and can be sarcastic when using words to imply the opposite of what they normally mean

A statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning, as in this quotation from Henry David Thoreau; “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.”

A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true.

Anaphora

regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses. For example, "We shall fight in the trenches. We shall fight on the oceans. We shall fight in the sky."