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| a sentence that takes a word or phrase and later on it replaces it with a pronoun (NOTE: word=antecedent) EX. |
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| President Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address. |
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| part of a person or thing used to designate a whole |
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| Forty Hands were used to make the building. |
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| the omission of conjunctions |
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- "He was a bag of bones, a floppy doll, a broken stick, a maniac."
(Jack Kerouac, On the Road, 1957)
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| a noun or noun phrase that replaces a noun near it |
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The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.
During the dinner conversation, Clifford, the messiest eater at the table, spewed mashed potatoes like an erupting volcano.
My 286 computer, a modern-day dinosaur, chews floppy disks as noisily as my brother does peanut brittle.
Genette's bedroom desk, the biggest disaster area in the house, is a collection of overdue library books, dirty plates, computer components, old mail, cat hair, and empty potato chip bags.
Reliable, Diane's eleven-year-old beagle, chews holes in the living room carpeting as if he were still a puppy. |
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| using a lot of conjunctions |
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- "He pulled the blue plastic tarp off of him and folded it and carried it out to the grocery cart and packed it and came back with their plates and some cornmeal cakes in a plastic bag and a plastic bottle of syrup."
(Cormac McCarthy, The Road. Knopf, 2006)
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| a concise staement of a principle |
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| mixing senses, the process by one's modality |
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| figure of speech using words in nonliteral ways |
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| Just about any figure of speech |
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| a controversial argument as one against opinion, doctrine, ect |
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Polemic against christianity has centered on the doctrine of trinity.
Just a controversial argument against an opinion |
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| A statement that is debtable that is explicit and implicit |
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| The Great Depression sent the auto industry into a period of massive unemployment and clashes between workers and police. |
"all men are created equal"
One of Asia's oldest stock exchanges is in Hong Kong |
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| A commentary that follows a reading of scripture or feels like a sermon |
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Pretty much any sermon that references the Bible or moralizing discourse
Books of Homilies were published in 1547 and, again, in 1563 to be read in parish churches. Shakespeare refers to homilies in As You Like Itwhen Rosalind comments on the verses Celia is reading :
O most gentle pulpiter! What tedious homily of love have you wearied your parishioners withal, and never cried “Have patience, good people”!
Act III, scene ii : lines 154 – 156
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| an understatement done in the negative |
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- I cannot say that I think you are very generous to the ladies; for, whilst you are proclaiming peace and good-will to men, emancipating all nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives."
(Abigail Adams, letter to John Adams, May 7,
A. She's not the brightest girl in the class. (She's stupid!)
B. He's not the most handsome fellow! (he's ugly!)
C. They aren't the happiest couple around. (they're unhappy)
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Example_of_litotes#ixzz1eyGMU4vp
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| Taking a word and replacing it with another word that is closely related to it |
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The pen is mightier than the sword.
Clarinets, play that passage again! |
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| 2 or more statements from which something can be inferred |
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Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
Minor premise: All black dogs are mammals.
Conclusion: Therefore, all black dogs are warm-blooded.
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Major premise: All books from that store are new.
Minor premise: These books are from that store.
Conclusion: Therefore, these books are new.
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| informal speech in everyday language |
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| a short, true that is humorous or interesting, usually to make some sort of point |
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| a bitter and caustic attack |
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