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| fallacy of logic in which a person's character or motive is attacked instead of that person's argument |
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| a repetition of introductory words or phrases for effect. |
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| a short, entertaining story of something happening, usually personal. |
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| opposition or contrast emphasized by parallel structure. |
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| questioning oneself (or rhetorically asking the audience), often pretending to be in doubt. |
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| a sudden turn from the general audience to address a specific group or person, either absent or present, real or imagined. |
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| fallacy in which a citation of information is solicited from someone with special knowledge on a subject for the purpose of strengthening an argument. It weakens the argument if it is the sole point of the argument. |
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| the absence of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. |
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| fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the very thing one is trying to prove. |
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| damning with false praise |
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| intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative impact |
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| a form of reasoning that begins with a generalization, and then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases. |
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| a temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing. |
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| the use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but that is also less distasteful or less offensive than another. |
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| a fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one is assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable. |
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| a form of reasoning which works from a body of facts to a general conclusion frequently used as the principal form of reasoning for history and science. |
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| a contrast between what appears to be and what really is. Verbal irony, situation irony, and dramatic irony are also related. |
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| a reference to an object or person by naming only a part of the object or person. |
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| a fallacy that occurs when one statement does not logically follow from what has preceded. |
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| a figure of speech in which contradictory terms and ideas are combined. |
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| a short story from which a lesson may be drawn. |
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| a statement which seems self-contradictory, but which may be true in fact |
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| pretending to omit something by drawing attention to it. |
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| repetition of a key word over successive phrases or clauses. |
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| a question asked for effect to emphasize a point; no answer is expected |
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| use of ridicule, sarcasm, and irony, usually used to expose vices, or abuses. |
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| a form of reasoning in which two statements, a major premise and a minor premise, have a logical conclusion which follows from them. It is associated with deductive reasoning. |
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| - a part or quality of something which is used in substitution of the larger whole, or vice versa. |
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| the division of an idea into three harmonious parts, usually of increasing power. |
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| deliberately representing something as much less than it really is. |
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